Overview of Non-Malignant and Reactive Conditions in WBCs

These flashcards cover various non-malignant and reactive conditions in white blood cells (WBCs), focusing on cytoplasmic changes, inherited disorders, nuclear changes, and unique cell appearances.

Toxic Granulation

Presence of large purple to black granules in neutrophils, indicating severe infection or chemical poisoning.

Dohle Bodies

Blue, round or elongated bodies containing ribosomal RNA, associated with infections, burns, or chemotherapy.

Cytoplasmic Vacuolation

Indicates end-stage phagocytosis, often seen in septicemia or severe infections.

Cytoplasmic Degranulation

Normal function of activated neutrophils; involves emptying primary granules into phagosome.

Cytoplasmic Pseudopods

Amoeboid protrusions of cytoplasm in neutrophils, associated with sluggish locomotion.

Hypersegmentation

Condition where neutrophils have more than five nuclear lobes, commonly associated with megaloblastic anemia.

Pelger-Huet Anomaly

Inherited condition with decreased nuclear segmentation, presenting as 'peanut' or 'dumbbell' shaped nuclei.

Chédiak-Higashi Anomaly

Genetic disorder characterized by giant lysosomal granules in various leukocytes and impaired chemotactic response.

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Condition where phagocytes can ingest but cannot kill catalase-positive organisms due to lack of respiratory burst.

Gaucher Disease

Lipid storage disease caused by the deficiency of β-glucosidase, leading to the accumulation of glucocerebrosides.

Niemann-Pick Disease

Disorder caused by sphingomyelinase deficiency leading to foamy macrophages due to accumulation of sphingomyelin.

May-Hegglin Anomaly

Condition exhibiting leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and giant platelets, with spindle-shaped inclusions.

Ringed Nuclei

Nuclear change seen in toxic states and myeloproliferative disorders, associated with high levels of band forms.

Reider Cell

A lymphocyte with a lobulated and notched nucleus, often associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Smudge Cell

A cell with a thumbprint appearance, typically seen on blood smears in conditions such as CLL.

Lazy Leukocyte Syndrome

Condition characterized by defective movement of leukocytes; normal phagocytic ability but impaired response to inflammation.

Ferrata Cell

Atypical lymphocyte with dense, opaque cytoplasm, often associated with a stimulated immune response.