Florence
Was the cradle of renaissance, This is where the ideas of humanism developed and was realized.
Medici Family
Was the most powerful family in florence during the renaissance.
Salvestro de' Medici
He became the dictator of florence and was banished in 1382
Giovanni di bicci de Medici
Restored the wealth of the family and made it the wealthiest in Europe.
Giovanni de bicci de Medici
He was the founder of the medici bank, then the largest most respected bank in Europe in the 15th century.
Cosimo di giovanni de medici or cosimo the elder
He was the founder of the family's politica; dynasty. He is the son of giovanni di bicci de medici.
Lorenzo "the Magnificent" Medici
Was the leader of florence during the golden age of the renaissance. He is a grandson of cosimo the elder.
Giovanni de Medici {1475-1523}
He was responsible in restoring the church of santa maria in dominica using raphael's designs. Later he was responsible in the building of the san giovanni dei florentini under the designs of jacopo sansovino.
Giulio de Medici (Pope Clement VII)
Was the one responsible in commissioning michelangelo to paint the last judgement in sistine chapel"
Cosimo I the Great
Became the grand duke of tuscany and made the medici family very famous.
Catherine de Medici
She became a queen of france. She was the patron of artists like jean clouet, francois clouet, jean cousin the younger, antoine caron, francesco primaticcio and germain pilon.
Alessandro ottaviano de medici
Became Pope leo XI, but served only in such capacity from april 1-27, 1605.
Marie de Medici
Became a queen of france, was the patron of the painter peter paul rubens.
Anna marie luisa de medici
She became the last of the medici family, she and her brothers didn't have heirs. Before she died she gave all the wealth of the medici family to the state of florence.
Greek
_____ scholars from the byzantine empire went to italy.
Italian
_________ scholars gathered forgotten greek works all over europe.
Two consuls, Senate, and people
Elements of the government of the roman republic.
Byzantine empire
Its center was constantinople
Mehmed II of the ottoman
led the siege of constantinople
The fall of constantinople 1453 in the hands of the muslims
Led to the exodus of byzantine scholars in constantinople into italy.
George Gemistos Plethon
Teacher of balisios bessarion
Theodorus gaza
first dean of the university of ferrara, naples and rome.
John Argyropoulos
teacher of leonardo da vinci
Barlaam of seminara
teacher of giovanni boccaccio
Leo Allatius
became the librarian of the vatican
Leozio Pilatus
teacher of petrarch and giovanni boccaccio
George Hermonymus
teacher of Desiderius erasmus, johann reuchlin, budaeus and jackques lefevre e'Etaples
Andronicus contoblaca
teacher of johann reuchlin
Johannes crastonis
published a greek-latin dictionary
George amiroutzes
an aristotelian
Gregory tifernas
teacher of jaques lefevre e'Etaples and robert gaguin
Nikolaos Sophianos
maker of the map totius graeciae descriptio
Basilios bessarion
was a roman catholic cardinal who translated aristotle's " Metaphysics " and Xenophon's " Memorabilia ". He was also a platonist.
Giovanni Boccaccio
Was an important italian writer and humanist
by giovanni boccaccio
Decameron
Francesco Petrarca or Petrarch
A famous italian writer, his works were made basis of the modern italian language.
famous work of petrarch
Virgil
Desiderius erasmus
was a very famous dutch theologian and humanist who taught at Cambridge university
by Desiderius erasmus
The praise of folly
Johann reuchlin
a very famous german humanist whose specializations include greek and hebrew.
by johann reuchlin
Vocabularius breviloquus
Guillaume badaeus
A french scholar who wrote very important books during the renaissance
De asse et partibus 1514
it is about ancient measurements {by Guillaume badaeus}
Annotationes in XXIV libros pandectarum 1508
is about the use of philology and history in study of roman law {by Guillaume badaeus}
Commentarii linguae graecae 1529
it is a collection of lexicographical notes that helped a lot in the study of greek literature {by Guillaume badaeus}
Lexicography
is the art of making dictionaries, from the compilation of words, writing entries, and editing. it analyzes the relationship of a word with other words as they are used in different sentences or contexts, which is why various meanings of a word are included in a dictionary.
Jaques lefevre e’Etaples
was a french theologian, he worked for the reform of the church
Some books on aristotle written by Jaques lefevre e’Etaples
Paraphrases of the whole of aristotle’s natural philosophy 1492, Introduction to the metaphysics 1494, Introduction to the Nicomanchean ethics 1494, Logical Introductions 1496, Politics 1506
Niccolo de’ Niccoli and poggio bracciolini
Italian scholars who gathered greek books from all over europe
Niccolo de’ Niccoli
He invented the cursive style known as the italics, he had a private library which was the best and the largest in florence
poggio bracciolini
recovered a lot of greek text idly lying and forgotten in german and french libraries
Plato
student of socrates who was unjustly killed, he established the academy in athens
Academy in athens
considered to be the first real university in europe
Cicero
Is a roman leader and philosopher, he is considered one of the best orators of rome. he is responsible in introducing the roman people to greek philosophy
Pliny the elder
Is a roman writer and scholar who wrote the “naturalis historia”
Naturalis historia
is one of the first works for reference purposes from the ancient times. it talked about nature as well as things made by man. The collection is also the first model for the modern encyclopedia
Virtuvius
is a roman who wrote the “De architecturia“ or “The ten books on architecture”
De architecturia or The ten books on architecture
Vitruvius said that an architectural structure must have three qualities: firmitas [strong], Utilitas [useful], and venustas [beautiful].
Virtuvian man {drawing 1485}
Has the drawing of a nude male figure, one position normal position superimposed on a position normal position where his legs are set apart and his arms moved a little upward
Lucretius
Is a roman poet and philosopher he wrote “De rerum natura“ or “on the nature of things”
“De rerum natura“ or “on the nature of things”
intends to free man from the belief in superstitions and the fear of death
Platus
Is a roman playwright, he is a pioneer of the musical theatre.
Aristotle
Is a greek philosopher, he was a student of plato he wrote many books, including “Metaphysics” and “History of animals”
Euclid
Is a greek mathematician who wrote the book “Elements”. He is considered as the “Father of geometry”
Elements
Is considered as the most successful book in the mathematical discipline
Plotinus
is a greek philosopher. he said that there is s supreme “one”.
Claudius Ptolemaeus or Ptolemy {83-161 AD}
He was a scientist born in roman egypt. he was considered as part of alexandria’s greek population
Almagest
Is the classic book on astronomy written by ptolemy. Here, ptolemy proposed the geocentric model of the solar system. People believed his system for more than a thousand years.
Medieval period
It was believed that the earth was the center of the universe
Nicolaus Copernicus {1473-1543}
published the book “De revolutionisbus orbium coelestium” at 1543
De revolutionisbus orbium coelestium
Or “ On the revolution of the celestial spheres”, developed the idea of the heliocentric theory of the universe
Heliocentric theory
by Nicolaus Copernicus, says that based on observations, it is the sun which is the center of the solar system. The earth is a planet that revolves around the earth together with other planets. The moon of the earth moves around the earth.
Galileo galilei
was an italian scientist who supported the copernican theory that the sun is the center of the solar system. Because of this, he became the enemy of the church.
Diagolo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo
means “Dialogue concerning the two chief world systems”, published by galileo galilei that brought him into trouble with the church. The said book was banned and included in the church’s index of forbidden books
Diagolo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo
In the book, he compared copernican system of heliocentrism and the ptolematic system of geocentricm. In the book, which he obviously favored geocentricm, which the church did not like.
Humanism
believes that the man is the center of the universe. this means that he has the capacity to develop his potentials and to succeed if only he will work hard and well