Meiosis Review

What is the purpose of Meiosis?

To generate genetic diversity and ensure the stability of chromosome numbers across generations.

Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, producing __________.

haploid gametes (sperm and egg).

What are Gametes?

The sex cells involved in reproduction, containing only one set of chromosomes.

What are Somatic Cells?

Other body cells that are diploid, containing two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

In which stage of Meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair up to form tetrads?

Prophase I.

What significant process occurs during Prophase I that increases genetic variability?

Crossing-over.

During which phase do tetrads align at the metaphase plate?

Metaphase I.

What is independent assortment?

The random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes into gametes.

Spermatogenesis results in the production of how many viable sperm cells?

Four viable sperm cells.

What is Oogenesis?

The process occurring in the female ovaries that results in one large viable egg cell and three smaller polar bodies.

What happens during Non-disjunction?

Homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate properly during meiosis.

What condition is a result of Trisomy?

An extra chromosome, such as Down Syndrome (trisomy 21).

What is Monosomy?

A missing chromosome, resulting in conditions like Turner Syndrome.