u7 sec 3 psych
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26 Terms
Algorithm
A step-by-step, logical method that guarantees a correct solution.
Heuristic
A fast mental shortcut that helps make quick decisions but can cause errors.
Insight
A sudden “Aha!” realization of a solution without step-by-step thinking.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to look for information that supports existing beliefs and ignore opposing evidence.
Fixation
The inability to see a problem from a new perspective.
Mental Set
A habit of solving problems using methods that worked before.
Intuition
Fast, automatic thinking based on experience without conscious reasoning.
Representativeness Heuristic
Judging likelihood based on how closely something matches a mental prototype (stereotype).
Availability Heuristic
Judging likelihood based on how easily examples come to mind.
Overconfidence
Overestimating the accuracy of one’s beliefs or judgments.
Belief Perseverance
Holding onto beliefs even after evidence shows they are wrong.
Framing
How wording of a question or situation influences decisions.
Phoneme
The smallest sound unit of a language.
Morpheme
The smallest unit of language that carries meaning.
Grammar
The system of rules that governs how language works.
Babbling Stage
When infants begin making speech-like sounds (around 4 months).
One-Word Stage
When children use single words to communicate (around age 1).
Two-Word Stage
When children begin combining two words (around age 2).
Telegraphic Speech
Early speech using mostly nouns and verbs (“want juice”).
Critical Period
A limited time in childhood when language is easiest to learn.
Aphasia
Language impairment caused by brain damage.
Broca’s Area
Brain area responsible for speech production.
Wernicke’s Area
Brain area responsible for understanding language.
Linguistic Determinism
The idea that language completely controls thought (strong version).
Linguistic Influence
The idea that language affects, but does not control, thought.
Mental Practice
Rehearsing skills in your mind to improve performance.
Note 
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