Head and Neck Anatomy: Nomenclature, Planes, and Clinical Applications
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24 Terms
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Anatomic Position
Body standing erect, arms at sides, palms and toes directed forward, eyes looking forward. A standard reference for consistent directional terms.
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Anterior
The front of an area in relation to the entire body.
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Posterior
The back of an area in relation to the entire body.
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Ventral
Directed toward the anterior part of the body.
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Dorsal
Directed toward the posterior part of the body.
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Apex (Apices)
The pointed end of a conical structure, e.g., the apex of the tongue.
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Midsagittal (Median) Plane
Divides the body into equal right and left halves.
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Sagittal Plane
Any plane that runs lengthwise parallel to the midsagittal plane, dividing the body into unequal right and left portions.
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Coronal (Frontal) Plane
Divides the body at any level into anterior and posterior parts.
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Transverse (Axial) Plane
Divides the body at any level horizontally into superior (toward the head) and inferior (toward the feet) parts, always perpendicular to the midsagittal plane.
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Superior
Toward the head.
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Inferior
Toward the feet.
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Median
A structure located at the midsagittal (median) plane.
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Proximal
An area closer to the midsagittal plane (within the body or a given structure); generally, closer to the point of origin or attachment.
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Distal
An area farther from the midsagittal plane (within the body or a given structure); generally, farther from the point of origin or attachment.
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Mesial (Dentition)
The region within the dentition closer to the midline.
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Distal (Dentition)
The region within the dentition farther away from the midline.
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Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body.
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Contralateral
On opposite sides of the body.
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Superficial
A structure located toward the surface of the body.
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Deep
A structure situated inward toward the body’s interior.
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Internal
The inner side of a hollow structure’s wall.
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External
The outer side of a hollow structure’s wall.
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Anatomic Variation
Individual differences in anatomical structures, which clinicians must consider during examination and treatment.
Flashcards (61)