Proteinogenic amino acids: classification, examples, peptide bond.

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17 Terms

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What are proteinogenic amino acids?
Amino acids that are used in protein synthesis and encoded by the genetic code.
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How many proteinogenic amino acids exist?
20 standard amino acids.
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How are amino acids classified based on polarity?
Non-polar (Hydrophobic): Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Met, Phe, Trp, Pro | Polar (Uncharged): Ser, Thr, Asn, Gln, Tyr, Cys | Polar (Charged): Acidic (-): Asp, Glu | Basic (+): Lys, Arg, His
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Which amino acids are non-polar (hydrophobic)?
Glycine (Gly), Alanine (Ala), Valine (Val), Leucine (Leu), Isoleucine (Ile), Methionine (Met), Phenylalanine (Phe), Tryptophan (Trp), Proline (Pro)
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Which amino acids are polar and uncharged?
Serine (Ser), Threonine (Thr), Asparagine (Asn), Glutamine (Gln), Tyrosine (Tyr), Cysteine (Cys)
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Which amino acids are acidic (negatively charged)?
Aspartic acid (Asp), Glutamic acid (Glu)
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Which amino acids are basic (positively charged)?
Lysine (Lys), Arginine (Arg), Histidine (His)
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Which amino acids are essential?
Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine
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Which amino acids contain sulfur?
Cysteine (Cys) & Methionine (Met)
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What are the aromatic amino acids?
Phenylalanine (Phe), Tyrosine (Tyr), Tryptophan (Trp)
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What is the only cyclic amino acid?
Proline (Pro)
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What is a peptide bond?
A covalent bond formed between two amino acids through a condensation reaction.
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Which functional groups participate in peptide bond formation?
The carboxyl (-COOH) group of one amino acid and the amino (-NH₂) group of another.
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What type of reaction forms a peptide bond?
Condensation (dehydration) reaction, where water (H₂O) is removed.
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What is the structure of a peptide bond?
-CO-NH- (Between the carbonyl carbon of one amino acid and the nitrogen of another).
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Why is the peptide bond rigid and planar?
Due to resonance, it has partial double-bond character, making it rigid and planar.
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What is the process of breaking a peptide bond?
Hydrolysis, which requires water and is catalyzed by enzymes like proteases.