Serology

1 + Agglutination

- very small agglutinates

- agglutinates appear to come off as cookie bites from button

Plasma

Antibody Location

Polyclonal

- antibody for specific antigen made from multiple plasma cell sources

- detects multiple sites on same antigen

4+ Agglutination

- solid agglutination

- all cells stick together in 1 solid chunk floating in liquid background

3+ Agglutination

- many large agglutinates in clear background

- agglutinates remove easily in large chunks

2+ Agglutination

- many small agglutinates in clear background

- agglutinates crumble off into solution

Monoclonal

- antibody for a specific antigen made from a single plasma cell source

- detects single site on antigen

Negative (0) Agglutination

- cells appear to remove from button as smoke

- no agglutination

RBC

Antigen Location

Poly-specific

Antibody mixture that detects multiple antigens OR detects antigen in different ways to give 1 result

Mono-specific

Single antibody mixture to pick up a single antigen