Photosynthesis and the Calvin Cycle Flashcards

Flashcards about photosynthesis and the Calvin cycle.

The __ use sun's energy to split water and produce ATP and NADPH.

Uses sun's energy to split water and produce ATP and NADPH, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

The energy products produced in the light reactions help __.

Fix carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.

The output of the Calvin cycle is __.

G3P, a building block for glucose.

The two photosystems involved in the light reactions are __.

Photosystem II and Photosystem I.

Photosystem II __.

Splits water, releasing electrons and oxygen.

Photosystems are basically __.

Pigment complexes.

The reaction center chlorophyll a in photosystem II is __.

P680.

The energy from electrons tumbling down the electron transport chain is used for __.

Pumping hydrogen ions across the thylakoid membrane.

ATP synthase __.

Drives the phosphorylation of ADP into ATP.

From photosystem one, we're gonna produce __.

NADPH.

Photosystems can be found in the __.

Thylakoid membrane

Both cyclic, and noncyclic pathways produce __.

ATP production

The cyclic pathway is done by __.

Photosystem one

The noncyclic pathway begins with __.

Photosystem two

The electron from __ is replaced which is split to form oxygen and hydrogen ions.

Splitting of water in photosystem two.

We are __ at photosystem two.

Splitting of water at photosystem two.

The hydrogen ion gradient is used to produce ATP with the help of __, the enzyme that's embedded in the membrane.

ATP synthase

Photosystem II consists of a pigment complex and electron acceptors and receives electrons from the __.

Splitting of water

The electron transport chain consists of cytochrome complexes and plastoquinone and they carry the electrons __.

Between photosystem II and photosystem I

Photosystem I is located adjacent to the enzyme __ that reduces NADP plus NADPH

NADP reductase

In the case of __, only photosystem one is involved.

Cyclic phosphorylation

In the case of cyclic phosphorylation, __.

P700 is the reaction center chlorophyll

photophosphorylation is a process of utilizing __.

Light energy from photosynthesis to convert ADP to ATP.

In respiration, we use __.

Oxidative phosphorylation

There are two steps in photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation and that is the use of __.

Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.

In oxidative phosphorylation, we're taking our initial __.

Electrons from the food that we eat

In substrate level phosphorylation __.

The enzyme adds ADP plus P to yield ATP

In noncyclic photophosphorylation __.

Photosystem one and two are used

The electrons from photosystem one are accepted by __.

forming NADPH and both NADPH and ATP molecules are produced.

Noncyclic photophosphorylation is a process that is predominant in __.

All green plants.

The thylakoid space acts as __.

a reservoir for those hydrogen ions.

The chemical, the electrons lost by photosystem two, are replaced by a process called __, which involves the oxidation of a water molecule producing free electrons and oxygen gas.

Photolysis

The second step is a sequence of reactions using electrons from NADPH and some of the ATP to reduce __.

Carbon dioxide

The energy products of ATP and NADPH are used in the __ for the Calvin cycle.

Stroma.

The starting molecule of the Calvin cycle is __.

Rubulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP).

Rubulose bisphosphate is going to accept carbon dioxide coming into the system using the enzyme __.

Rubisco.

The output molecule of the Calvin cycle is __.

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

The three main stages of the Calvin cycle are __.

Carbon dioxide fixation, carbon dioxide reduction, regeneration of RuBP.

Besides C3 photosynthesis, there are __.

C4 and CAM plants.

CAM plants __ to take in carbon dioxide.

Open their stomata at night.

C4 plants store carbon dioxide as a __.

Four-carbon intermediate.

Carbon dioxide is attached to RuBP by the enzyme __.

RuBP carboxylase (rubisco).

A six-carbon molecule splits into two three-carbon molecules called __.

Three-phosphoglycerate (3PG).

Three-phosphoglyceric acid eventually reacts to form sugars like __.

Glucose and fructose.

The output of the Calvin cycle is __.

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P).