Forensic Chapter 15 forensic serology

Their red blood cells have neither A nor B antigens, so they will not agglutinate with the antiserum in type A, B, or AB.

Why is an individual with type O blood is considered a universal donor?

Aggulation

What is the clumping-together of red blood cells because of an antibody?

Antiserum contains antibodies that react against antigens.

Which of the following statements is true of antigens and antibodies?

both anti-A and anti-B antiserum

Type AB blood is agglutinated by _____.

O

What is the most common blood type found in the United States?

gel diffusion

For a stain already determined to be blood, a criminalist might use a _____ test to determine the species of the blood, which employs the use of a natural polymer known as "agar."

microcrystalline

When a criminalist is testing for blood, what type of test are they performing if they use a Takayama?

Kastle-Meyer test

Which of the following is considered a color test for blood?

Polyclonal antibodies

_______ are antibodies that respond to a variety of different sites on the antigen.

Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that are designed to attack only one site on an antigen.

Which of the following statements is true of monoclonal antibodies?

precipitin

________ tests are based on the fact that when animals are injected with human blood, antibodies form that react with the invading human blood to neutralize its presence.

homozygous

If a gene pair consists of two matching genes, it is said to be _____.

23

How many pairs of chromosomes exist in all nucleated human cells (with the exception of the human reproductive cells)?

locus

The location in which a gene exists on a chromosome is called a _____

30

An acid phosphatase test reaction time of less than _____ seconds is considered a strong indication for the presence of semen.

6 hours

An examiner observing the presence of motile sperm from vaginal samples taken from a victim can reasonably conclude that intercourse had most likely occurred within what time frame?

2.5-6, 100 million

On average, the normal male releases _____ mL of seminal fluid during ejaculation, with a concentration of ______ spermatozoa per mL

acid phosphate

When examining a bedsheet, Kelly places a damp piece of filter paper over an area of suspected stain. She then adds a drop or two of sodium alpha naphthylphosphate and Fast Blue B solution to the paper, and a purple color appears. What did Kelly discover on the bedsheet?

saliva

When collecting _______ evidence from the body of a sexual assault victim, it is recommended to use a swab moistened with distilled water on a suspected area, followed by a second dry swab rotated over the same area and packaged together.

To determine the presence of substances such as Rohypnol or GHB

What is the evidentiary purpose of taking a urine test from a sexual assault victim quickly after the suspected occurrence?