Premolars Tooth ID

what are the functions of premolars

they are cross between canines and molars; AID IN holding and grinding food; maintain vertical dimension of the face

how many developmental lobes form most premolar crowns

4, three buccal and one lingual (palatal)

which premolar MAY develop FROM 5 lobes

the mandibular second premolar (3 buccal, 2 lingual)

how do premolar roots and crowns compare to canines

both are shorter — premolars have shorter crowns and shorter roots

what general geometric shape best describes the premolar crown

PENTAGON

a developmental depression in the root may give the appearance of two roots fused into one

maxillary second premolar

mesial developmental depression located cervical to the mesial contact area

maxillary first permolar

occlusal outline more rounded and less angular

maxillary second premolar

which root is longer than the other regarding the maxillary premolars

maxillary second premolar has a longer root than maxillary first premolar

25% bifurcated

maxillary second premolar

shorter and more irregular grooves

maxillary second premolar

lingual and buccal cusps nearly the same length

maxillary second premolar

buccal cusp much larger than lingual cusp

mandibular first premolar

lingual cusp located slightly mesial to the midline

maxillary SECOND and FIRST premolars

crown similar to maxillary first premolar but more rounded and less angular appearance

maxillary second premolar

facial crown appearance similar to canine

maxillary first premolar & mandibular first premolar

crown is smaller, shorter, and narrower than canine

maxillary first premolar

mesial/distal contacts are about the same level

maxillary first premolar

buccal cusp long and pointed

maxillary first premolar & mandibular first

buccal cusp not as pointed as that of first max. premolar

maxillary second premolar

buccal surface is more convex at cervical third

maxillary first premolar

well developed ~ buccal cusp larger and 1mm longer than lingual cusp

maxillary first premolar

READ AND UNDERSTAND!! MESIAL MARGINAL GROOVE running from the MESIAL MARGINAL RIDGE CERVICALLY; runs form occlusal third to the middle third of the crown

maxillary first premolar

READ AND UNDERSTAND the mesial developmental depression will continue cervically from above the contact area across the CEJ where it joins a deep developmental depression between the roots

maxillary first premolar

crown is wider vertically on the buccal surface than on the lingual (occlusal view)

maxillary first premolar

well-defined central developmental groove divides the tooth into buccal and lingual halves

maxillary first premolar

mesial marginal groove that extends from central developmental grooves across the mesial marginal ridge

maxillary first premolar

sharp, deep, and V-shaped primary developmental grooves (consistent) CONVERGE with the central groove at the mesial and distal pits

maxillary first premolar

60% of the time bifurcated

maxillary first premolar

buccal and palatal roots, mesial & distal furcations

maxillary first premolar

sharp buccal cusp is present

mandibular first premolar

mesial cusp ridge is shorter than distal cusp ridge

mandibular first premolar

lingual cusp much MUCH smaller compared to buccal cusp (CONSIDERED AFUNCTIONAL because of how small in height and width that it does not occlude with the maxillary teeth)

mandibular first premolar

mesiolingual developmental groove separates the mesial marginal ridge from the lingual cusp

mandibular first premolar

the tip of the buccal cusp centered DIRECTLY over the root

mandibular first premolar

crown tapers SHARPLY towards the lingual side

mandibular first premolar

lingual cusp extremely small

mandibular first premolar

has less important and shallower secondary developmental grooves that branch out from major primary grooves

mandibular first premolar

Has less important and shallower secondary/supplemental developmental grooves that branch out from major primary grooves ALL GROOVES CONVERGE TO PITS (mesial & distal)

mandibular first premolar

normally single-rooted, if bifurcated (rare), buccal and lingual roots are present

mandibular first premolar

longitudinal grooves present on both mesial and distal surfaces

mandibular first premolar

shortest crown of all premolars

mandibular second premolar

longest root of all premolars

mandibular second premolar

most variable anatomy of all premolars

mandibular second premolar

may have 1 or 2 lingual cusps

mandibular second premolar

if 3 cusps are present, the mesiolingual cusp will be wider and longer than distolingual cusp, buccal cusp always largest

mandibular second premolar

in mandibular second premolar, what separates the two lingual cusps

the lingual groove

buccal cusp shorter than that of mand. first premolar

mandibular second premolar

buccal cusp tip located more to the buccal side

mandibular second premolar

distal marginal ridge lower than mesial marginal ridge

mandibular second premolar

regarding mandibular second premolar, which surface of the root is more likely to have a longitudinal depression? mesial or distal?

distal is more likely to have a longitudinal depression

occlusal outline is rounded

mandibular second premolar

which occlusal groove pattern has more secondary grooves

Y-groove pattern

what is the order for most common to least common occlusal groove pattern

most common: Y-groove pattern

more common: H-groove pattern

lest common: U-groove patern

which groove pattern in the mandibular second premolar has three-cusp form

Y-groove

which groove pattern has the most variation in occlusal anatomy than any of the others

Y-groove

for 3-cusp form which is the largest, middle, & smallest cusps

largest: buccal

middle: mesiolingual

smallest: distolingual

in Y-groove pattern, primary developmental grooves converge to form how many pits and what are the names?

3 pits, mesial, central, distal

how many cusps are in H-groove & U-groove patterns, which is larger than the other & primary developmental grooves converge to form how many pits regarding the mandibular second premolar

2 cusps, buccal larger than lingual, and they form 2 pits (mesial & distal)

apex more blunted than mandibular first premolar

mandibular second premolar

which mandibular premolar is bulkier

mandibular second premolar