Chapter 29 - The Making of Industrial Society

K. Applegate - Imported from Quizlet

The industrial revolution began in

Great Britain.

Crucial to industrialization was

the replacement of human and animal power with inanimate sources of energy such as steam.

The growing demand for cotton cloth in the eighteenth century threatened British

wool producers.

The British Calico Acts of 1720 and 1721

prohibited the importation of cotton cloth.

The inventor of the flying shuttle was

John Kay.

The invention of the flying shuttle

sped the weaving process.

Which of the following is NOT a correct pairing of inventor and invention?

Josiah Wedgwood and "mule"

Edmund Cartwright was responsible for the invention of the

power loom.

James Watt invented a more efficient steam pump when he

copied and consolidated several important American inventions.

James Watt's steam engine did not adapt well to transportation uses because

it consumed too much coal.

Cheaper iron was produced after 1709 when British smelters began to use what substance as a fuel?

coke

Henry Bessemer's innovations made it possible to produce cheaper

steel.

The first steam-powered locomotive was George Stephenson's

Rocket.

The dominant form of industrial organization by the end of the nineteenth century was

the factory system.

The Luddites

were crafts workers who destroyed textile machines.

Interchangeable parts were invented by

Eli Whitney.

In America the petroleum monopoly, Standard Oil Company, was owned by

John D. Rockefeller.

Beginning in the nineteenth century, industrializing lands experienced a social change known as the demographic transition when

the fertility rate began a marked decline.

Marx and Engels proposed that capitalism divided people into two classes. The classes were

the capitalists and the proletariat.

One of the authors of the Manifesto of the Communist Party was

Marx.

Marx and Engels suggested that music, art, and literature

served the purposes of the capitalists because they diverted the workers from their misery.

Marx and the communists believed that private property

should be abolished.

Marx and Engels believed that the final result of the socialist revolution would be the

"dictatorship of the proletariat."

According to the Manifesto of the Communist Party, all of human history had been a history of

class struggle.

In the late nineteenth century, Germany led European countries in the movement to

provide medical insurance and unemployment compensation for workers.

Throughout most of the nineteenth century, employers and governments

viewed trade unions as illegal associations designed to restrain trade.

Over the long haul, trade unions

were completely unsuccessful in improving the conditions of the working class.

Charles Fourier was

a social critic who is often referred to as a utopian socialist.

By 1900, which was the largest city in the world?

London

The use of which of the following increased dramatically in the nineteenth century?

steel

Which of the following was a key feature in the rapid industrialization of Great Britain?

All these answers are correct.

Horizontal organization is

the consolidation or cooperation of independent companies in the same business.