Nuclear Chem Hard

Control rods

Controls the rate of fission and the capturing of neutrons

What are used for control rods

Cadmium or boron

Where are control rods located

Side-by-side with fuel rods

Moderators

Slow down neutrons produced during fission reactions

What materials are commonly used for moderators?

Graphite & beryllium

Coolants

Used to control the large amount of heat released

What materials are commonly used for coolants?

Carbon dioxide and helium

Shields (containment vessel)

Reduce the flow of radiation from the core

What is the containment vessel surrounded by to protect people from radiation exposure?

Thick concrete with lead and steel blocks

Particle Accelerators

Increases speed of particles by directing them toward target material

What isnt affected by particle accelorators?

Neutrons because they have no charge

Nuclear fuel

Fuel derived from radioactive materials that give off energy

What material is used for nuclear fuel

Uranium 235

Fission reaction (5 total)

235 U 92 + 1 N ——> 142 BA 56 + 91 Kr 36 + 3 1 N O

Fusion reaction (3 total + energy)

4 1H1 —-> 4 He 2 + 2 0E+1 + Energy