Church History Final Pt 2
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What were the Swiss “Cantons”
o Loose confederacy of individual states
o No central government — each state determined
the liturgy of their churches
o Cultural differences: German-speaking in the north
... French-speaking in the south
Who was Ulrich Zwingli?
An ordained parish priest, military Chaplin
What practice of the Swiss Soldier did Zwingli become passionate about resisting?
Mercenaries who fought wars and crusades on behalf of the pope
What did Zwingli post in 1523?
The 67 Articles
What was the 67 articles?
It was drafted as a proposition for public debate before the state council
Articles persuaded the council to establish Protestantism in Zurich
The canton of Bern soon followed
What did Reformed Cantons find? What did Catholic Church in response?
The Protestant League; founded the Catholic League
What was the Marburg Colloquy?
Luther and Zwingli brought together to find unity
Agreed on 14 out of 15 propositions
Stuck on the Eucharist - Luther “Real Presence” Zwingli “Memorial”
Ended in a failure to unify - but still with “14 Articles of Marburg”
What was the Diet of Augsburg?
Called by Emperor Charles, protestant princes came with confessions of faith - Augsburg Confession.
What was rejected by the Catholic Prince and refuted by the emperor but was still a defining moment of the reformation?
The Augsburg Confession
What was in the Augsburg Confession?
21 articles of faith
What was the Schmalkaldic League
A mutual defense pact signed by the Protestant princes of Germany
10 years of quiet — time for Lutheranism to spread
How is Zwingli killed?
In the Second Kappel War, he is killed on the battlefield
What leads to the Peace of Augsburg and What is the victory won?
When Charles goes to war against the Schmalkaldic League and the victory won was that religion was to be determined by local rulers
What is considered Luther’s “theological last will and testament”?
The schmalkald articles
Who was Conrad Grebel?
Close friend and ministry partner with Zwingli, but he broke away as he saw Zwingli as too slow with his reforms.
What is Conrad Grebel known for doing?
Performing the first known “adult baptism” of the reformation, which leads to him being driven out of Zurich
What does Conrad Grebel become known as?
The Swiss Brethren
What is primary doctrinal beliefs of the Swiss Brethren?
Believer’s adult baptism
separation of church and state
Who led the Anabaptist reformation in Germany?
Balthazar Hubmaier
What happened to Balthazar Hubmaier?
He was arrested by Catholic authorities and burned at the stake
What was the persecution of the Anabaptists?
Chased by BOTH catholic and protestant authorities
What are the streams of Anabaptists?
Amish
Mennonites
Hutterites
Brethren Churches
Quakers “Friends”
who was John Calvin ?
He was trained in humanistic studies, latin, and law. He was converted to reformed theology and publicly address supporting Lutheran ideas
JOHN CALVIN’s Ecclesiastical Ordinances:
o Impart reformed doctrine into every area
of civic life
o Moral accountability in the city
Who and why opposed john Calvin?
The libertines and they resented his ordances
What did John Calvin do in Geneva when he went back for the 2nd time
o Established a Reformed liturgy for
worship services
o “The Regulative Principle”
How did John Calvin die?
From tuberculosis
What was John Clavin’s influence?
reformed churches
presbyterian churches
puritan churches
evangelical churches
Who led the Dutch revolt?
William Orange - a governor and staunch Calvinist
Who began Arminianism?
Jacob Arminius
What does Arminianism consist of?
1. Total Deprivation
2. Conditional Election
3. Universal Atonement
4. Resistible Grace
5. Conditional Perseverance
Arminius’ Influence:
o Anabaptists — Baptists — Anglicans — Methodists —
Pentecostals — Evangelicals
What did Henry the 8th declare in the Act of Supremacy?
He was the supreme head of the church of England
What did Henry the 8th’s six articles include?
Latin Mass
Transubstantiation
Denial of the Cup to the laity
Celibacy of Clergy
Which of the English kings died young but condemned catholic doctrine?
King Edward VI
Who did John Knox work with?
John Calvin
Who founded the Quakers?
George Fox
What were quakers?
Seeking a more spiritual experience with God, he sought guidance—got no answers
Tended to subordinate Scripture to the Spirit’s direct guidance
What did Immanuel Kant believe?
Man cannot know God—it’s beyond human capacity, and The purpose of religion is moral obligation
Who was FRIEDRICH SCHLEIERMACHER and what did he believe?
“The Father of Liberal Protestantism” - A new hermeneutic: interpreting the Bible through subjective religious experience - Universal Salvation
Who was John Newton
o Was once a slave ship captain
o Became an Evangelical Anglican minister
— preached for 40 years
o 1807: Testified before Parliament about
the horrors of slavery
o Wrote Amazing Grace and 280 other
hymns
Who was Charles Simeon
Preached for 54 years at Holy Trinity
Church in Cambridge
o Pioneered expository preaching in
England — from a Calvinist view
o Set the pace for “low church” polity and
preaching
o Co-founded multiple missionary
organizations
Who was W. Wilberforce?
o Member of Parliament at 21
o Converted at 26 — came under the discipleship of John Newton
o 1789: Famous 4-hour speech to Parliament proposing to abolish slavery on moral/biblical grounds
o Persisted through defeats and apathy for almost 20 years
• Finally succeeded in 1807
• Full emancipation in 1833, just days before his death
Who was John n Darby?
Father of Dispensationalism, founder of the Plymouth brethren movement
Who was George Muller?
Founded The Scriptural Knowledge Institute and famous for his orphanges
Who was C.H. Spurgeon?
Pastor by 17, Prince of Preaches, Founded Pastor’s College, built Metropolitan Tabernacle