Anatomy Final

Cribriform plate

-Part of ethmoid bone
-olfactory neurons pass through the plate via formina holes
-if you can't smell after car accident you broke ethomoid and severed the neurons so no smelling

perpendicular plate

-in ethmoid bone

Occipital bone

-back part of head
-lamboidal suture between the occipital and parietal bones (fuses after 24 y)
-inferolaterally is the occipitomastoid suture (where occipital bone articulates with temporal bone)

Mastoid process

bump behind ear

Forman Magnus

Hole in occipital bone for brain stem

Superior nuchal line

-side to side ledge on the occipital bone

External occipital protuberance

protuberance going up and down the occipital bone beneath the superior nuchal line

Occipital Condyle

little knobbies that articulate with the atlas at base of the occipital bone

squamous sutures

- suture between parietal and temporal bone

Coronal suture

-suture between parietal bones and frontal bone

Sagittal suture

-suture between the parietal bones

Lamboid suture

-suture between parietal and occipital bones

Squamous part of the frontal bone

-forehead part of the frontal bone

Glabella

part of frontal bone where botox would be injected between brows

Frontal nasal suture

suture between frontal bone and nasal bone

features of frontal bone

-squamous
-nasal part
-orbital plate
-zygomatic process

Zygomatic process

-the part of the temporal bone that sticks out and articulates with the zygomatic bone

Mandibular fossa

-depression on temporal bone between the zygomatic process and the external meatus

Condylar process

forms the temporal mandibular joint

Styloid process

-part sticking down from the temporal bone

Temporal mandibular joint

Joint between the mandible and temporal bone

External acoustic meatus

hole that leads to inner ear in temporal bone

Stylohyoid muscle

-Muscle that starts at styloid process of temporal bone and ends at hyoid bone

Sphenoid bone

-only cranial bone that articulates with all other cranial bones
-looks like a butterfly
-In greater wings there are formania (holes)

Sella turcica fossa

-pocket in sphenoid bone that holds the pituitary gland

Cranial Foramina (openings)

Old - Optic canal/foramen - In sphenoid
Rotund - rotundum - in sphenoid
Owls - ovale - in sphenoid
Spin - spinosum - in sphenoid
Lazily - lacerum
Across - internal acoustic meatus
Jugs - jugular foramen

14 facial bones pneumonic

-Viagara - Vomer (1)
- Can - Conchae
- Not - Nasal
- Make - mandible (1)
- My - Maxilla
- Penis - Palatine
- Like - Lacrimal
- Zebra - Zygomatic

Mandible

Features
-Ramus of mandible--> lower handle of the jaw
-Condylar process--> process for temporal bone

Mental protuberance

protuberance on the chin--> result of fusion

Mental Foramina

Two holes where nerves go through - under teeth - where dentist numbs when filling

Mandibular symphysis

-area right under teeth and a joint --> uses in 1-2 years

Maxilla

-Bone around the nose

Infaorbital foramen

-hole right under the eye carrying nerves and artery through on maxilla

Incisive canal/foramen

-foramen on roof of mouth for blood vessles and nerves

Palatine process of Maxilla

-anterior 2 thirds of the maxilla that articulates with the palatine

Zygomatics

- two of them
-Cheekbone
-interfolateral margins or the orbit

Nasal bone

-2 bones
-articulates with fontal, maxillary, and perpendicular plate

Lacrimal bones

-smallest bone of face
-2 fingers like bones in inner orbit
-Has lacrimal fossa that houses lacrimal sac

Palatine bones

-L shaped bones with orbital process and horizontal plate
-Articulates with maxilla

Inferior nasal concha

-provides spaces to warm air
-behind nose hole

Hyoid Bone

-not skull or face bone
-anchored by ligaments
-stylohyoid muscle attaches

Curvatures of the spine

-cervical
-thoracic
-lumbar
-sacral

Types of abnormal spinal curves

-scoliosis (lateral)
-kyphosis (hunch)
-lordosis (sway)

2 angles of the scapula

-inferior
-superior

Humerus

-longest and largest of upper limb
-articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula

Capitulum and trochlea

-end of humerus that articualtes with forearm
-capitulum with radius
-trochlea with ulna

Olecranon

pointy part of elbow

Anatomy of the pelvic girdle

- Ala (upper body of PG)
-ilium (whole top part of the PG)
-iliac crest (top border)
-Ischium (bottom back part)
-Pubis (bottom front part)

Pubic Symphysis joint

-joint that hold both parts of pelvic girdle together
-Symohisiotomy is procedure to cut this for labour

Tibia

-Main articulating bone to the femur
-closest to big toe

Lateral Malleous

bump on lateral side of ankle

Circumduction

flexion, adbuction and adduction of limb - limb goes in a cone

supination

palm faces anteriorly and radius and ulna are parallel

pronation

palm faces posteriorly and radius rotates over ulna

opposition

movement of thumb - grasping something

Trapezius

Origin
-superior nuchal line
-spinous process C7-T12

Insertion
-Acromion
-spine of scapula
-Lateral third of clavicle

PM
-Elevation and abduction of scapula

Rhomoid major

O
-spinous process of vertabrae T2-T5

I
-Inserts into the medial border of scapula

PA
-Scapula retraction

Rhomboid Minor

O
-Processes of C7 and T1
I
-into base of spine of scapula
PA
-Scapula retraction

Serratus posterior superior

O
-SP of C7-T3
I
-Superior border of rib #2-5
PA
-elevate upper rib during inhalation

Serratus posterior inferior

O
-SP of T11-L2
I
-inferior border of rib 9-12
PA
-Draw lower rob down and back during exhalation

Latissimus dorsi

O
-T7-L5
-iliac crest
-inferior angle of scapula
I
-humerus
PA
-abduction of arm
-medially rotates

Levator scapulae

O
-atlas
I
-Superior angle of scapula
PA
-Elevates scapula

Pectoralis Major

O
-rib 1-6
-1/3 clavicle
I
-crest of greater tubercle
PA
-adducts against resistance
-medially rotates against resistance
-clavicular part: flexion
-Sternal part: extension of arm

Pectoralis Minor

O
-rib 3-5
I
-coracoid process
PA
-pull scapula forward and downward

Serratus anterior

O
-ribs 1-9
I
-medial border of scapula
PA
-rotates scapula so inferior angle move laterally and upwards
-punching

Deltoid

O
-anterior - lateral clavicle
-lateral - acromion
-posterior - spine of scapula
I
-deltoid tuberosity
PA
-anterior - flexion
-lateral - abduction
-posterior - extension and hyperflexion

Rotator cuff muscles

S- supraspinatus
I - infraspinatus
T - teres minor
S - subscapularis

Origin, insertion and PA of SITS

O
S- supraspinatus - supraspinatus fossa
I - infraspinatus - infraspinatus fossa
T - teres minor - lateral border of scapula

I
-All are greater tubercle of humerus

PA
-rotates scapula so it moves lateral and upwards (punch)

Teres major

O
- inferior medial border of scapula
I
-anterior proximal humerus
PA
-adduction & medial rotation

Masseter

Elevates the mandible

Occipotofrontalis frontal belly

raises eyebrows winkles forehead

Zygomaticus major/minor

raises lateral corners of mouth

Procerus

wrinkles skin between eyebrows

Temporalis

closes jaw, covers tempral, frontal and parietal

Orbicularis oris

protrudes and puckers the lips

Orbicularis oculi

allow blinking

Platysma

most superficial muscle, tenses skin of neck

Sternohyoid muscle

depress larynx and hyoid bone

sternocleidomastoid

flexes and laterally rotates the head

splenius capitis

flexes and laterally rotates head

splenius cervicis

extends or hyperextends head

Rectus abdominis

PA
-flex and rotate lumbar region
-sit ups

Fibers run up and down

External oblique

PA
-flex vertebral colum
-lateral flexion

fibers run diagonally up down /

internal obliques

PA
-same as external obliques

fibers run diagonally from down up/

Transverse abdominis

PA
-compresses abdominal content
-important for forceful expiration, coughing

Fibers run side to side -

Triceps branchii

PA - Forearm extension

Biceps branchii

flexes and supinates the forearm - opening a wine bottle

branchialis

Flexes forearm - lifting drink to mouth

Brachioradialis

Forearm

-flexes forearm

Pronator teres

Forearm

-Pronates forearm

Flexor capri radialis

Forearm

-flexes hand

Flexor capri ulnaris

Forearm

-flexes and extends hand

Extensor digitorum

Forearm

-finger extension

Gluteus maximus

Hips

-thigh extension

Gluteus medius

Hips

-Abducts thigh, rotates thigh- walking

Rectus femoris

Anterior thigh
-extends leg and flexes thigh at hip

Vastus lateralis

Anterior thigh

-extends leg, stabilizes knee

Vastus medialis

Anterior thigh

-extends legs

Vastus intermedius

Anterior thigh

-extends leg

Biceps femoris

posterior thigh

-extends thigh, flexes leg, laterally rotates leg