Exam 1 Study Guide

List the ways Christians think about Jesus

1. Jesus as messiah

2. 100% God

3. Model for the Life of Faith

4. Saved us from sin

5. Shows us what God is like

List the points made by Roman historians concerning Jesus Christ:

1. They referred to Jesus

2. They confirmed He was condemned by Pilate

3. Had many followers

Christianity is the only major faith to focus attention on the death of its founder:

Yes

T or F? The precise date of the birth of Jesus is a significant issue for Christians

True

T or F? Most of Jesus’ teachings about the Kingdom of God are expressed in parables:

True

Identify the main elements of the gospels’ resurrection narratives

To speak of the good news of Jesus

Matthew: Jesus was King of the Jews, Fulfilling Messianic Properties

Mark: Jesus revealed Himself through faith,Perfect Messiah who came to save but did so humbly.

Luke: Son of God and man, Came to save everyone.

John: Focused on signs/wonders of the son of God who was there from the beginning.

Identify the New Testament titles for Jesus

Son of God, Son of man, Lord, Messiah, Lamb of God, Light, King of Jews, Rabboni

T or F? The first human witnesses to the resurrection were women

True

Early Christianity was an officially recognized religion in the Roman empire and has always been able to engage in public worship

False

Identify emperors responsible for persecution of Christians

Nero, Domitian, Trajan, Septimus, Decius, Diocletian.

This emperor saw a heavenly vision which ordered him to place the sign of the cross on his soldiers’ shields

Constantine

This person helped to establish Christianity in Ireland

St. Patrick

Anselm’s motto was

Faith, Seeking, Understanding.

T or F? Scholastic theology is not considered the intellectual landmark of the Middle Ages:

False

This person wrote the Summa Theologiae, which is considered the most famous work of scholastic theology:

Thomas Aquinas

The Septuagint is

Greek version of the Bible from Hebrew

The destruction of the Second Jewish Temple occurred in

70 CE, destroyed by the Romans

List the tenets of Gnosticism

Physical world was made by mistake, true reality spiritual, salvation is gained through knowledge and Jesus only appeared human. Only some had a soul.

This group developed from the college of elders and became the leaders of the early church

Apostolic Fathers

This person believed that the Old Testament God was only concerned with justice

The Prophet Amos

List the responses to heresy

If Christians did not worship greek gods once a year and were outwardly Christian were presecuted.

Distinguish the elements of Greek culture the early Christians participate in from those elements they refused to participate in

Christians refused to participate in theatre, athletics, Military, and government.

T of F? The early church was known for the care of widows and orphans:

True

Identify who approved and did not approve of Greek philosophy within the church:

Clement of Alexandria agreed, Justin Martyr & Itaneus was neutral, and Tatian did not agree.

This emperor blamed Christians for a fire that devastated Rome

 Emperor Nero, born 54 CE, short but intense persecution in 64 CE

List the reasons that the Romans persecuted Christians

1. Christianity was an illegal religion.

2. Christians to them were atheists and idiots.

3. Christians were criminals.

4. Christians were bad citizens

5. Christians “ate” babies

T or F? Roman persecution tended to be systematic and empire wide:

False

Identify the Apologists’ response to persecution:

1. Ask for fair treatment.

2. Criminal Activity is against Christian Teaching.

3. We are desirable citizens.

4. Greek Philosophy supports an invisible, Supreme, God.

5. Christians pray for the Empire.

6. Christians care for orphans and widows.

7. Description of Worship Services.

These two categories were created as a result of persecution:

1. Martyrs:

   1. Would accept their punishments (would eventually die because they would not renounce their faith)

      1. Called by Christ to Suffer.

2. Confessors:

   1. Tortured, but not killed

   2. Consulted on Spiritual Matters

This edict brought an end to the persecution of Christians:

1. Edict of Toleration - 311 C.E.

2. Edict of Milan - 313 C.E.

This man is typically seen as the first Christian emperor:

Constantine

List the impacts of Constantine on the church:

1. There was a huge surge in popularity from about 20% of the population to 65%.

2. Prestige of Bishops

3. Increased wealth among Christians

This council was called by Constantine and declared that Christ was the same substance as the Father

The council of Nicea

This group declared that Christ was a subordinate being to the Father

Arianism

Who were the Cappadocian Fathers?

Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nazianzus, Gregory of Nyssa

This person was a tireless defender of the Council of Nicaea and homoousios:

Ambrose of Milan

This is the Latin translation of the Bible completed by Jerome:

Vulgate

List the major contributions of Augustine:

1. Doctrine of purgatory

2. Original sin - infant baptism

3. Denial of imperial theology - The city of God

4. Just war theory

5. Development of imago dei theology

6. His theology echoes throughout the middle ages

List the factors in the rise of the papacy:

1. Location

2. Double apostolic foundation

3. Model of apostolic succession

4. Bold claims- Easter controversy

5. Theological mediation

6. Esteem for Peter

7. Missionary endeavors

8. Outstanding Popes - Leo 1 the Great and Gregory 1 the Great

T or F? The veneration of icons was important in Eastern Christianity:

True

The Byzantine Empire was centered in which city:

Constantinople

This person bridges the early and medieval church

Gregory the Great

T or F? Pippin was unable to come to an alliance with Pope Zachary:

False

This event occurred on Christmas, 800 C.E.:

Charlemange is crowned by Leo 3

Identify the characteristics of the Carolingian Renaissance:

1. Secular Matters:

   1. Interest in education

   2. Scientific Investigation

   3. Possible early university

2. Church Matters

   1. Sunday’s off, mandatory church attendance

   2. Tithe through taxes

   3. Poor person’s Bible

   4. Preaching in the Vernacular

   5. Appoint and remove Bishops

   6. Fund monasteries

T or F? In the Middle Ages, most were educated and could read the Bible for themselves:

False

This person preached a sermon which led to the First Crusade:

Pope Urban II

This Crusade ended up conquering the city of Constantinople:

4th CrusadeFransicians

This group was initially focused on absolute poverty as the goal:

Franciscans

This group was founded as a means to evangelize the poor heretics:

Dominicans

This intellectual tradition began in the schools and considered the relationship between faith and reason

Scholasticism

List the prominent Scholastics

1. Thomas Aquinas

2. William of Okham

3. Bonaventure

4. Anselm of Canterbury

5. Peter Abelard

6. Peter Lombard

7. Albert Magnus

T or F? Investiture is a ceremony whereby power is given to a subordinate

True

T or F? The appointing of a bishop was never an issue between the kings and popes within feudalism:

False

This pope refused to be elected by Henry III and insisted on being elected by the Roman people:

Leo IX

This pope is typically considered as the height of medieval papal power

Gregory VII

This king was able to exert authority over Pope Boniface VIII

King Philip IV

This is the city where the papacy resided from 1307-1377

Avignon

T or F? The conciliar theory holds that the papacy is superior to a general council:

False

This council brought an end to the presence of three simultaneous popes:

Council of Constance