parasit lec - Oral and Intestinal Flagellates

Sarcomastigophora

What is the phylum of oral and intestinal flagellates?

Mature cyst

Which of the following is the infective stage of Giardia lamblia?

Giardia duodenalis and Giardia intestinalis

What is another name for Giardia lamblia?

Ingestion of mature cysts from contaminated food or water

How is Giardia lamblia transmitted?

Ventral sucking/adhesive disc

What is the diagnostic feature of Giardia lamblia trophozoite?

Falling leaf motility

What is the common motility pattern of Giardia lamblia trophozoites?

Football-shaped

What shape does Giardia lamblia cyst have?

Attachment to the intestinal wall

What is the function of the ventral sucking disc in Giardia lamblia?

Greasy, frothy diarrhea that floats

What kind of diarrhea is associated with Giardia lamblia infection?

Metronidazole

What is the first-line treatment for giardiasis?

Enterobius vermicularis

Dientamoeba fragilis is believed to be transmitted inside the eggs of which helminth?

Cough

Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of Dientamoeba fragilis?

Trichomonas vaginalis

Which Trichomonas species is pathogenic?

Sexual intercourse

What is the mode of transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis?

Undulating membrane that extends halfway through the body

What is a distinguishing feature of Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite?

Trichomoniasis

What condition does Trichomonas vaginalis cause?

Giemsa stain

What is the recommended stain for diagnosing Trichomonas vaginalis?

Chronic prostatitis

What is the main complication of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in males?

Trichomonas tenax

Which Trichomonas species is found in the oral cavity and is non-pathogenic?

Direct contact (kissing, sharing utensils)

What is the mode of transmission of Trichomonas tenax?

Large intestine (cecum)

What is the habitat of Chilomastix mesnili?

Lemon-shaped with a nipple-like protrusion

What is the characteristic shape of Chilomastix mesnili cyst?

Retortamonas intestinalis

Which flagellate has a “bird’s beak” fibril arrangement?

Trichomonas hominis

Which species has a trophozoite that is pyriform and moves with a rapid jerky motion?

Entero-test

What is the diagnostic test for Giardia lamblia using a gelatin capsule and nylon string?

Trichomonas vaginalis

Which organism has a trophozoite stage only and lacks a cyst stage?

Undulating membrane extending the entire length of the body

Which diagnostic feature is present in Trichomonas hominis?

Using condoms and practicing safe sex

How can Trichomonas vaginalis be prevented?

Ping-pong effect

What is the term for the recurring reinfection between partners due to untreated Trichomonas vaginalis?

Chilomastix mesnili

Which species is commonly used as an indicator of fecal contamination in water?