LESSON 2: CELLULAR ELEMENTS, CELL DIVISION

CELL + EXTRA CELLULAR MATRIC (ECM)

Comprise the tissue that makes up organs.

CELL

Basic structural and functional unit.

Theodore Schwann; Matthias Jakob-Schleiden

According to _______ and ________;

1. All living things are composed of a cell or cells. 

2. Cells are the basic unit of life. 

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

• PROKARYOTIC CELL

• EUKARYOTIC CELL

TWO TYPES OF CELL

• PHOSPHOLIPIDS

• CHOLESTEROL

• PROTEINS

CELL MEMBRANE consists of:

CELL MEMBRANE

“Fluid Mosaic Model” 

“Plasmalemma”

CELL MEMBRANE is also called ____

GLYCOLIPIDS

PLASMA MEMBRANE

• Outer layer lipid

Glycocalyx

PLASMA MEMBRANE

GLYCOLIPIDS

• Has oligosaccharide chain extends outward from the cell surface called _____

INTEGRAL PROTEINS

PLASMA MEMBRANE

• Incorporated in lipid bilayer

PERIPHERAL PROTEINS

PLASMA MEMBRANE

• Bound on one membrane surfaces particularly on the cytoplasmic side.

• Diffusion

• Channels 

• Carriers (pumps)

• Vesicles 

MEMBRANE TRANSPORT can serve as:

• Endocytosis

• Exocytosis

2 components of VESICLES:

• Phagocytosis “cell eating”

• Pinocytosis “cell drinking”

• Receptor Mediated

3 types of Endocytosis

RIBOSOME

CELL OGRANELLE

• Site of protein synthesis 

• Free 

• Bound to endoplasmic reticulum

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

CELL OGRANELLE

• Anstomosing network of intercommunicating channels formed by a continuous membrane. 

• Rough ER 

• Smooth ER

CELL OGRANELLE

2 types of ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

GOLGI APPARATUS

CELL OGRANELLE

• Has smooth membranous saccules, some vesicular and others flattened.

GOLGI APPARATUS

CELL OGRANELLE

• Contains enzymes and proteins being processed (modification and sorting out).

LYSOSOMES

CELL OGRANELLE

• Spherical, membrane-limited vesicles contain lots of hydrolytic enzymes capable for breaking down macromolecules. 

LYSOSOMES

CELL OGRANELLE

• Breaks down materials so these materials can be used again in other functions. 

PROTEASOME

CELL OGRANELLE

• Small abundant protein complexes not associated with membrane.

PROTEASOME

CELL OGRANELLE

• Degrades non functional polypeptide/proteins.

MITOCHONDRIA

CELL OGRANELLE

• Membrane enclosed organelles with enzymes specialized for aerobic respiration and production of ATP. 

MITOCHONDRIA

CELL OGRANELLE

• Does not degrades non functional polypeptide/proteins. 

PEROXISOME

CELL OGRANELLE

• Spherical organelle enclosed by a single membrane. Produces enzymes that degrades H2O2.

Peroxidase

CELL OGRANELLE

• In PEROXISOME, what enzyme that inactivates toxic molecules

CYTOSKELETON

CELL OGRANELLE

• Structural support to cell 

• Movement of organelles, cell motility and assist in cell division.

NUCLEUS

CELL OGRANELLE

• Large structure enclosed within a double membrane; contains nucleolus, chromatin and nucroplasm.

• Nuclear envelope 

• Nuclear pores 

• Nucleolus

CELL OGRANELLE

• 3 components of NUCLEUS

CYTOPLASM

CELL OGRANELLE

• Contents of cell between the plasma membrane and nuclear envelope.

• Cytosol 

• Organelles

CELL OGRANELLE

• 2 component of CYTOPLASM

MITOSIS 

CELL DIVISION

• 2 identical daughter cells

• Diploid

MEIOSIS

CELL DIVISION

• 4 daughter cells 

• Haploid

INTERPHASE

CELL DIVISION

• Occurs before MITOSIS begins. 

G1 or Gap 1

CELL DIVISION

• period in which cells accumulate the enzymes and nucleotides required for DNA replication. 

S or Synthesis

CELL DIVISION

• period of DNA replication. 

G2 or Gap 2

CELL DIVISION

• short period of preparation for MITOSIS.