Radio Waves, Frequencies, and Communication Procedures in Aviation

What can radio waves do in the vacuum of space?

They can travel at the speed of light.

What is the unit of frequency for radio waves?

Hertz (Hz), which measures cycles per second.

What frequency range does MF (Medium Frequency) cover?

300-3000 kHz.

What frequency range does HF (High Frequency) cover?

3-30 MHz or 3000-30,000 kHz.

What frequency range does VHF (Very High Frequency) cover?

30-300 MHz.

What is an example of a VHF frequency?

Bendigo CTAF - 119.3 MHz.

What are ground waves in radio wave propagation?

Waves that travel close to the Earth's surface and can be absorbed at high frequencies.

What are space waves?

Waves that radiate upwards in straight lines and do not provide direct reception.

What are sky waves?

Space waves reflected back to Earth by the ionosphere.

What factors affect radio wave propagation?

Terrain, ionosphere, sun spot activity, electrical equipment, thunderstorms, and power attenuation.

What is the most important factor for clear voice transmission over VHF?

The distance between the transmitter and receiver.

What components are typically found in aircraft radio systems?

Transmitter and receiver (transceivers).

What must a pilot understand about cockpit controls for radios?

On/Off switch, volume controls, frequency selector, transmit button, audio selector panel, and manual squelch control.

What is the purpose of squelch in radio communication?

To filter out unwanted background noise and set a minimum volume for communication.

What is the recommended technique when using a microphone in the cockpit?

Press the transmit button and pause slightly before speaking.

Why are headphones preferred over cockpit speakers?

Headphones significantly reduce background noise, improving communication clarity.

What is the purpose of using standard procedures and phraseology in radio communications?

To reduce general chatter and allow important messages to be communicated effectively.

What are the mandatory broadcast requirements for uncontrolled CTAF aerodromes?

Broadcasts are required for taxiing, entering a runway, departure, inbound, joining the circuit, straight in approach, and overfly.

What should be checked for specific broadcast requirements at aerodromes?

Consult the ERSA for specific broadcast requirements, such as those at Point Cook.

What are the minimum broadcasts required at aerodromes?

Taxiing, departure, inbound, joining, and base.

What does AIP ENR 1.1 cover?

Airways clearance and related regulations.

What is the purpose of the Readability Scale in radio communications?

To measure the clarity of a radio transmission and ensure effective communication.

What does a readability rating of 5 indicate?

Perfectly readable transmission.

What is ATIS and where is it available?

Automatic Terminal Information Service, available at controlled aerodromes, providing operational and significant weather information.

What is AERIS?

Automatic Enroute Information Service that continuously broadcasts METAR from a network of VHF transmitters across Australia.

What are the responsibilities of a radio operator?

Ensure the serviceability of the aircraft's radio system, instruct users, and prevent unauthorized transmissions.

What should a pilot do to maintain situational awareness during a listening watch?

Monitor the appropriate frequency and listen to other aircraft's radio calls to build a mental picture of their positions and intentions.

What steps should be taken if there is a loss of radio communication?

Check frequency and comms selection, master switch, headset jacks, squelch control, and volume; try alternative methods and use transponder code 7600.

What does a distress call (MAYDAY) indicate?

Imminent danger such as engine failure, fire, or serious structural damage.

What does an urgency call (PAN PAN) signify?

An emergency that is not grave, such as an ill passenger or navigational difficulties.

What is the function of a transponder (XPDR)?

To generate a reply signal upon interrogation, with different modes providing varying levels of information to ATC.

What does transponder code 7700 indicate?

Emergency situation.

What is the difference between 121.5 MHz and 406 MHz ELT signals?

121.5 MHz provides limited satellite fixes, while 406 MHz allows for individual beacon registration and more precise location tracking.

What should a pilot do if they suspect a radio failure?

Check all communication settings and equipment, and attempt a radio check on the appropriate frequency.

What is the significance of the phrase 'transmitting blind'?

It indicates that the pilot is making a transmission without receiving a response, typically due to suspected radio failure.

Radio failure squak code

7600

Hijacking squak code

7500