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Perfect Unison
An interval with the same note played twice.
Major 2nd
An interval with two notes a whole step apart.
Major 3rd
An interval with two notes two whole steps apart.
Perfect 4th
An interval with two notes two whole steps and one-half step apart.
Perfect 5th
An interval with two notes three whole steps and one-half step apart.
Perfect 8th (Octave)
An interval with the same note in different octaves.
Major Scale
The C major scale starting on C with the pattern C-D-E-F-G-A-B.
Harmonic Minor Scale
The A harmonic minor scale starting on A with the pattern A-B-C-D-E-F-G♯.
Pentatonic Scale
The C pentatonic major scale with the notes C-D-E-G-A.
Major Chord
A triad with the root, major third, and perfect fifth, like C-E-G.
Minor Chord
A triad with the root, minor third, and perfect fifth, like C-E♭-G.
Andante
Indicates a moderate tempo, akin to "at a walking pace."
Allegro
Signifies a lively and fast tempo, conveying energy and excitement.
Crescendo
Gradually increasing the volume or intensity of the music.
Diminuendo
Gradually decreasing the volume or intensity of the music.
Forte (f)
Instructs to play loudly.
Piano (p)
Instructs to play softly.
Legato
Playing notes smoothly and connectedly.
Staccato
Playing notes with a short and detached sound.
Largo
Indicates a very slow tempo, conveying grandeur and solemnity.
Presto
Signifies a fast tempo, translating to "quick" or "rapid."
Vivace
Means "quick" or "lively," instructing a brisk tempo.
Rallentando (rall.)
Gradually slowing down the tempo.
Ritardando (rit
Gradually decreasing the tempo.
A tempo
Instructs to return to the previous tempo.
Fortissimo (ff)
Means "very loud," indicating a very loud passage.
Pianissimo (pp)
Means "very soft," instructing to play very softly.
Chord 1 I
In C major, chord I is a C major chord (C-E-G).
Chord 4 IV
In C major, chord IV is an F major chord (F-A-C).
Chord 5 V
In C major, chord V is a G major chord (G-B-D).
Chord 6 vi
In C major, chord vi is an A minor chord (A-C-E).
