Causes (MANIAS)

Militarism

glorification of war and the military; the industrialization of the military

Arms race (M)

Competition to build up armed forces and weapons

Standing armies (M)

soldiers trained and ready to fight

Conscription (M)

Mandatory participation of civilians in the military (draft)

What were two other reasons in militarism ?

Increased military spending, and increasing influence of military in the government

Alliances

Partnership/agreement to go to war in the event one country in the partnership is attacked. Aim was to discourage other countries from attacking members of the alliance.

Who did the triple alliance consist of ? (A)

Germany, Austria, and Italy

Who did the triple entente (French word meaning friendship) consist of? (A)

Great Britain, Russia, and France

Nationalism

The belief that people with common languages and history should unite; also, self-determination

What did Nationalism do? (N)

It was a way for European nations to show power and strength through propaganda, music, uniforms, etc.

What role did Nationalism play in the war? (N)

France wanted Germany to return Alsace and Lorraine lost in Franco-Prussian war and people of the same nationality wanted to form their own nation-state

Pan-Slavism (N)

Slavs had a long-term goal to develop their culture and unite into an empire

Imperialism

One country’s dominance of the economic, political, and social life of another (usually smaller/weaker) country

Competition for colonies (I)

countries had some and wanted more, others had none and wanted some

Economic growth (I)

countries wanted to new markets to sell products

What is the “Scramble for Africa”? (I)

power and prestige of expanding global empires

What was the “spark” of WWI? (A)

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria

What does “the spark” mean? (A)

Immediate cause that creates a chain of diplomatic failures setting WWI in motion

Who was Ferdinand? (A)

Heir to the Austrian throne in Bosnia-Herzegovina (territory annexed by Austria, containing many Serbian-Slavs)

Who are the Black Hand? (A)

Secret Serbian nationalist group with ties to the Serbian government

Who killed Ferdinand ? (A)

The leader of the black hand, Gavrilo Princip

Domino Effect (S)

Chain or series of diplomatic failures resulting in war

What does the S mean in MANIA(S)?

Series of Diplomatic Failures

What are some of these failures?

1. Ultimatum from A-H to Serbia fails, A-H declares war on Serbia

2. Russia, protector of Slavs, and France mobilize against Germany

3. Germany declares war on France using the Schlieffen plan, going through neutral Belgium

4. England declares war on Germany for attacking neutral Belgium

M.A.N.I.A.(S)

Militarism

Alliances

Nationalism

Imperialism

Assassination

Series of Diplomatic Failures