Chinese History and Government Review Flashcards

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to Chinese history and government, as outlined in the lecture notes.

Century of Humiliation

A term that refers to the loss of sovereignty after the Opium Wars and the resulting internal conflict in China.

Cultural Revolution

A socio-political movement launched by Mao from 1966 to 1976 to purge remnants of the capitalist society.

Deng Xiaoping Theory

A set of policies introduced by Deng Xiaoping focusing on economic liberalization while maintaining socialist governance.

Socialist-market economy

Economic reform approach taken by Deng Xiaoping that includes market forces while keeping political control.

Tiananmen Square Massacre

A violent crackdown on pro-democracy protestors in Beijing in 1989 that resulted in numerous deaths.

One-Child Policy

Population control policy implemented by the Chinese government from 1979 to 2015, aimed at reducing the dependency ratio.

Patron-clientelism

A political system in which political support is exchanged for economic favors and resources.

National People's Congress

The national legislature of China that functions as a rubber-stamp institution for policies created by the Communist Party.

Democratic Centralism

A principle within the CCP allowing for debate and discussion among members followed by collective agreement.

General Secretary

The head of the Communist Party of China and its Politburo, a position currently held by Xi Jinping.

State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs)

Businesses owned by the government, which play a significant role in the Chinese economy.

Guanxi

A system of social networks and influential relationships used to facilitate business and political interactions in China.

Hukou system

A household registration system in China that limits migration and controls urbanization.

Belt and Road Initiative

A global development strategy adopted by China to enhance regional connectivity and embrace a brighter economic future.

Censorship in China

Government controls over media and the internet aiming to limit free expression and maintain social stability.

Xi Jinping Thought

The current guiding ideology for the Communist Party of China emphasizing socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era.

Urbanization

The process of rural populations moving into cities, which has accelerated in China due to globalization.