medterm chapter 11

the special senses

blephar/o

eyelid

-cusis

hearing

irid/o

iris, color part of the eye 

kerat/o

horny, hard, cornea 

myring/o

tympanic membrane, eardrum (not tympan/o)

ophthalm/o

eye/vision

-opia

vision condition 

opt/o

eye, vision

ot/o

ear, hearing

phak/o

lens of eye 

presby/o

old age

retin/o

retina, net

scler/o

sclera, white of eye, hard 

trop/o

turn, change

tympan/o

tympanic membrane, eardrum (not myring/o)

adnexa

structure outside of the eyeball'; accessory or adjoining anatomical parts of an organ 

amblyopia

a dimness of vision or the partial loss of sight, especially in one eye, without detectable disease of the eye

ametropia

any error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina

anisocoria 

a condition in which the pupils are unequal in size 

astigmatism

a condition in which the eye does not focus properly because of uneven curvatures in the cornea

audiometry

the use of an audiometer to measure hearing acuity

cataract

the loss of transparency of the lens that causes a progressive loss of visual clarity 

chalazion

a nodule or cyst, usually on the upper eyelid, caused by obstruction in a sebaceous gland

cochlear implant

implanted electronic device that can give a deaf person a useful auditory understanding of the environment and/or hearing and help them to understand speech

conjunctivitis 

pinkeye- an inflammation of the conjunctiva that is usually caused by an infection or allergy 

dacryoadenitis

inflammation of the lacrimal gland that can be caused by bacterial, viral or fungal infection

diplopia

perception of two images of a single object; also known as double vision

ectropion 

the eversion of the edge of an eyelid 

emmetropia

the normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina

entropin

the inversion of the edge of an eyelid

esotropia 

strabismus characterized by an inward deviation of one or both eyes; also known as cross eyed 

exotropia

strabismus characterized by the outward deviation of one eye relative to the other; also known as walleye

fluorescein angiography

radiographic study of the blood vessels in the retina of the eye following the intravenous injection of a fluorescein dye as a contrast medium

glaucoma  

a group of diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure that cause damage to the retinal nerve fibers and the optic nerve 

hemianopia

blindness in one half of the visual field

hordeolum

a pus-filled lesion on the eyelid resulting from an infection in the sebaceous gland; also known as a style

hyperopia 

farsightedness: a defect in which light rays focus beyond the retina 

infectious myringitis

a contagious inflammation that causes painful blisters on the ear drum

iridectomy

the surgical removal of a portion of the tissue of the iris

iritis 

inflammation of the uvea primarily affecting structures in front of the eye 

keratitis

inflammation of the cornea

labyrinthectomy

surgical removal of all or a portion of the labyrinth

laser trabeculoplasty 

uses a focused beam of light to create a hole in the iris of the eye; treatment of open-angle glaucoma by creating openings in the trabecular meshwork to allow fluid to drain properly 

mastoidectomy

the surgical removal of mastoid cells

mydriasis

dilation of the pupil

myopia 

nearsightedness; a defect in which light rays focus in front of the retina 

myringotomy 

the surgical incision in the eardrum to create an opening for the placement of ear tubes or to relieve pressure from excess pus or fluid 

nyctalopia

a condition in which an individual with normal daytime vision has difficulty seeing at night; also known as night blindness

nystagmus

an involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball

ophthalmoscopy 

the visual examination of the fundus (back part) of the eye with an ophthalmoscope; also known as funduscopic   

optometrist

holds a doctor of optometry degree and provides primary eye care, including diagnosing eye diseases and conditions and measuring the accuracy of vision to determine whether corrective lenses are needed

otitis media

inflammation of the middle of the ear

otomycosis 

a fungal infection of the external auditory canal 

otopyorrhea

flow of pus from the ear

otorrhea

discharge from the ear

otosclerosis 

ankylosis of the bones of the middle ear, resulting in a conductive hearing loss 

papilledema

swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of entrance into the eye through optic disk; also known as choked disc

periorbital edema

swelling of the tissues surrounding the eye or eyes

photophobia 

excessive sensitivity to light 

presbycusis

gradual sensorineural hearing loss that occurs with age

presbyopia

the condition of common changes in the eyes that occur with aging

ptosis 

drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to paralysis 

radial keratotomy

a surgical procedure to treat myopia

retinopexy

treatment used to reattach the detached area in a retinal detachment

scleritis 

inflammation of the sclera 

sensorineural hearing loss

hearing loss that develops when the auditory nerve or hair cells in the inner hear are damaged; also known as nerve deafness

stapedectomy

surgical removal of the top portion of the stapes bone and the insertion of a small prosthetic device known as a piston that conducts sound vibration to the inner ear

strabismus 

disorder in which the eyes point in different directions are not aligned correctly because the eyes muscles are unable to focus together 

tarsorrhaphy

partial, or complete, suturing together of the upper and lower eyelids

tinnitus

ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears

tonometry

measurement of intraocular pressure 

tympanometry

use of air pressure in the ear canal to test for disorders of the middle ear

vertigo

sense of whirling, dizziness, and the loss of balance, that is often combined with nausea and vomitting

vitrectomy 

removal of the vitreous fluid and its replacement with a clear solution 

xerophthalmia

drying of the eye surfaces, including the conjunctiva; also known as dry eye