BIO 152 Lecture Notes; Biomolecules Essential for A&P

Carbohydrates

Chiefly used for energy production.

Lipids

Chiefly used for energy storage.

Proteins

Chiefly used for structure.

Nucleic acids

Chiefly used for information storage.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate, an example of a high energy molecule.

Polymer

Large chain-like structure made of repeating units, e.g., protein.

Monomer

Single unit used to make up polymers, e.g., amino acid.

Functional group

Group of atoms with a consistent function, such as carboxyl or amino group.

Basic formula of Carbohydrates

Cₙ(H₂O)ₙ.

Examples of Monosaccharides

Pentoses (Ribose, Deoxyribose) and Hexoses (Glucose, Fructose, Galactose).

Protein composition

Amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis.

Energy stored in lipids

1g lipid = 9 kcal.

Deoxyribonucleotides

Nucleotides that make up DNA.

ATP-ADP cycle

The breakdown and synthesis of ATP based on energy needs.

Structure of proteins

Includes primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels.