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Academic Earth/Space Science - Mid Year Vocab Assessment
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Timlin, Block
Geology
9th
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30 Terms
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1
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Meteorology
Study of the atmosphere and weather
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Oceanography
Study of the oceans
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Astronomy
study of the stars and space
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paleontology
study of past life forms
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core
innermost layer of earth
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mantle
middle layer of the earth
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crust
the outermost layer of the earth
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geology
study of the physical earth
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carbonates
mineral group that contains carbon, oxygen, and a metal.
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sulfides/sulfates
mineral group containing the element sulfur
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native element
type of mineral that contains only one type of element
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streak
the color of a mineral’s powder
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igneous rock
Rocks that form from lava or magma
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sedimentary rock
a type of rock that forms from compaction and cementation
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granitic
a type of igenous rock, light in color and rich in silica
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basaltic
a type of igneous rock, dark in color and poor in silica
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fossil fuel
the name given to coal, oil, or natural gas when used as energy.
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ore
a type of mineral that contains a useful metal
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chemical weathering
breaking down of rock that involves a chemical change
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physical weathering
the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces without chemical change
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regolith
generic term for weathered rock
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soil horizon
a zone of soil with similar rock, mineral, organics, and water composition
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soil profile
a vertical section that shows all soil horizons within a given area
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pedalfer
a soil type found in forested areas, rich in aluminum and iron
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focus
point from where the earthquake originates
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epicenter
the point located directly above focus, on the Earth’s surface
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Seismic Wave
produced by an earthquake and carries energy in all directions
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fault
a break in the earth where plate movement has occurred
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liquefaction
the process by which soil is shaken and turned into mud
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seismic gap
period of time in which no fault movement or earthquakes have occurred