Bacterial Diseases

These flashcards cover various aspects of bacterial diseases, focusing on mechanisms of action, characteristics of specific bacteria, and related medical conditions.

Helicobacter pylori is tolerant to __ environments like the stomach.

acidic

H. pylori can burrow into the __ layer of the stomach lining.

mucous

Clostridium botulinum produces a toxin that travels to the __ intestine.

large

The A-B toxin of C. botulinum prevents the release of __ by blocking vesicle fusion.

neurotransmitters

Clostridium tetani causes muscle spasms by interfering with normal cell signaling of __ neurons.

motor

C. botulinum and C. tetani are both __ anaerobes.

obligate

Streptococcus pyogenes hides from the immune system with a capsule made of __ acid.

hyaluronic

S. pyogenes are __-hemolytic coccoidal cells in chains.

B

Superantigens can lead to toxic __ syndrome.

shock

Cytolytic toxins create holes in the cell membrane to __ cells.

lyse

The B unit of A-B toxins binds to the cell membranes and starts __.

endocytosis

Exotoxin B is a powerful __ that degrades host tissues.

protease

Rheumatic Fever is associated with __ pyogenes infections.

Streptococcus

The M protein in strep bacteria is similar to __ in cardiac muscle tissue.

myosin

Streptococcus pyogenes can directly kill immune cells by producing __ and enzymes.

toxins

The toxin from C. botulinum is absorbed in the __ intestine.

small

H. pylori attaches to __ cells in the stomach.

secreting

A-B toxins disrupt cellular __ signaling.

signaling

C. tetani toxin gets transferred from nerve cell to __.

nerve cell

The toxin produced by C. botulinum is responsible for __ paralysis in humans.

flaccid

When S. pyogenes infections are not treated, they can lead to __ Fever.

Rheumatic

The protease enzyme from flesh-eating bacteria breaks down…

host proteins and tissues.

M protein in S. pyogenes binds to host cells, making it look like a __ part.

normal

Gram negative bacteria usually have a __ membrane structure.

thin

Damage to stomach lining due to stomach acid is caused by erosion of the __ layer.

mucous

Clostridium botulinum is a __ former.

spore

Clostridium tetani causes muscle contractions without control by preventing the release of __ signals.

inhibitory

The cellular shape of H. pylori is described as a __ rod.

curved

In regards to toxins, membrane damaging toxins can destroy __ or acquire red blood cells.

macrophages

H. pylori is classified as a __ since it requires lower levels of oxygen for growth.

microaerophile

The protease from flesh-eating bacteria elevates inflammation leading to the spread of __.

bacteria

Clostridium botulinum is classified as __ positive.

Gram