Tudors Dates/Precise Evidence

1511

Henry joins the Holy League against France.

1513

Victory at the Battle of the Spurs; capture of Tournai and Thérouanne.

1514

Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (peace with France, marriage alliance with Mary Tudor).

1518

Treaty of London

1520

Field of the Cloth of Gold.

1525

Battle of Pavia (Francis I captured by Charles V; English hopes to claim French lands falter).

1544

Capture of Boulogne during renewed war with France.

1546

Treaty of Ardres (peace with France, allowing England to keep Boulogne temporarily).

1513

Battle of Flodden (death of James IV of Scotland)

1543

Treaty of Greenwich (marriage proposal between Edward and Mary, Queen of Scots, rejected by Scots).

1544-1545

"Rough Wooing" campaigns to force marriage alliance and assert dominance.

1511

England allies with Spain (Ferdinand of Aragon) and the Holy Roman Empire (Maximilian I) against France.

1518

Treaty of London (diplomatic success involving Spain and HRE).

1521

Treaty of Bruges (alliance with Charles V against France)

1525

Battle of Pavia (Charles V defeats Francis I; collapse of English hopes for joint action against France).

1527

Beginning of Henry’s break with Charles V over the annulment issue.

1543

Alliance with Charles V renewed against France.

1536

Suppression of the Kildare Rebellion.

1541

Henry declares Ireland a kingdom, integrating it more formally into English governance.

1517

Martin Luther’s attack on the Catholic Church

1518

More demonstrated his support for Erasmus during the controversy over the Greek New Testament at Oxford University

1520

Influence of German reformers in London and east-coast ports, Cambridge reformers

1529

Attack on the clergy, Simon Fish’s Supplication of the Beggars

1532-1540

Henry VIII’s reforms of the Church, including withdrawing the English Church from papal jurisdiction and dissolving monasteries

1534

Act of Supremacy confirming Henry VIII as Supreme Head of the Church, Cromwell appointed as Vicegerent in Spirituals

1535

Compilation of Valor Ecclesiasticus

1536

Act to dissolve the smaller monasteries, First set of royal injunctions, Ten Articles

1537

Bishops’ Book

1538

Pilgrimages and veneration of relics condemned

1539

Act to dissolve the remaining monasteries, Six Articles Act

1540

All religious houses dissolved

1543

King’s Book (revised Bishops’ Book)

1547

Continuity and change in religion and culture by this year

1525

Amicable Grant

Refusal to pay the Amicable Grant, particularly in North Essex and South Suffolk.

Earl of Essex reported 1,000 people gathered at the Essex-Suffolk border to resist payment.

Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk faced 4,000 taxation resisters, including unemployed cloth workers.

Aftermath:Henry VIII funded his invasion of France with cash from the sale of monastic lands.

1536

The Pilgrimage of Grace began with a rising in Lincolnshire in early October 1536, spreading to East Riding of Yorkshire, and West Riding.

A second, more radical uprising occurred in the dales between Ripon and Richmond, spreading into Cumberland, Westmorland, North Lancashire, Durham, and Craven area in West Riding.

1536 Injunctions drawn up by Cromwell attacked traditional religious practices.

Jan 1536

Catherine of Aragon died, with some historians suggesting that courtly conspirators linked to her supporters were behind part of the rebellion.

1536

Duke of Norfolk was sent north to confront the rebellion.

Norfolk encountered rebels near Doncaster but was vastly outnumbered.

Norfolk offered a pardon and promised to restore dissolved monasteries and establish a free parliament.

Most of the rebel forces dispersed after these promises, even though Henry had no intention of honoring them.

Feb 1537

The rebellion was renewed in Cumberland and East Riding.

The Duke of Norfolk quickly suppressed this renewed rebellion, declared martial law, and executed 74 rebels.

1537

Several rebel leaders, including Darcy and Hussey (gentry members), along with heads of monastic houses, were tried and executed in London.

First half of 16th Century

Increase in English trade, especially in woollen cloth exports, with a market for raw wool declining.

Late 15th Century

Early achievements by Cabot and Bristol merchants.

1525

Population growth begins to accelerate.

1517

Wolsey launched an enclosure commission.

1520

Agricultural prices begin to rise, leading to increased farming incomes, enhanced by engrossing.

1515,1520-21, 1527-1529, 1544-46

Debasement of coinage occurred, creating a short-term economic boom but at the cost of long-term living standards.

1520-21 and 1527-29

Bad harvests leading to temporary, significant increases in food prices.

1516

Thomas More’s "Utopia" highlighted the moral concerns of enclosure.

1534

Legislation to limit sheep ownership and engrossing, but with limited success.

15th Century

Enclosure of common fields existed but had little impact.

1489 and 1515

Muddled legislation passed against enclosure, but without clear grasp of the problem.

1517

Wolsey’s enclosure commission began.

Middle of 16th Century

Enclosure continued, but harm had largely been done before 1485

1534

Further legislation attempted to limit sheep ownership and engrossing.

1525

Population growth begins to strain food supplies and create difficulties in meeting rising demand.

April 1509

Henry VIII’s 18th

Feb 1509

Henry VIII came to the throne

1502

Arthur died

11 June 1509

Henry and Catherine marry.

Jan 1510

The Council Learned in the Law was abolished by Act of Parliament.

1510

Empson and Dudley executed

1529-1532

The first comeback of governing through a council during Henry’s reign.

1540-1547

The second comeback of governing through a council during Henry’s reign.

early 1510s

The wars in France occurred

1521

Duke of Buckingham executued

1513

Earl of Shrewsbury raised over 4,000 men

1541

Thomas Fiennes, Baron Dacre executed

How many families by 1540

5000

How many knightly families in 1524

200

1536

Laws in Wales Act of 1536, dividing Wales into shire counties and giving it representation in the House of Commons.

1536

Act Resuming Liberties to the Crown:

Context: Reduced the independence of the Palatinates, such as Durham, but preserved some local courts.

1536

Council of the North re-established: 1536

Context: Re-established after the Pilgrimage of Grace and played a role in maintaining order during the 1549 rebellions.

Jan-Feb 1510

Abolished the Council Learned in the Law.

1512-1514

Extraordinary revenue granted for invasions of France and Scotland.

Anticlerical Act restricted benefit of clergy.

1515

Act restricting benefit of clergy not renewed.

1523

Speaker Sir Thomas More made the first known plea for MP freedom of speech

Extraordinary revenue granted for invasion of France.

1536

New Succession Act enacted after Anne Boleyn’s fall

1539-1540

Extraordinary revenue for invasions.

Religious legislation: dissolution of monasteries, Six Articles Act.

1542-44

Extraordinary revenue for invasions; addressed succession issues.