1.11 Proteins are formed by connecting amino acids by peptide bonds

peptide

The synthesis of proteins involves a condensation reaction in which the amino group of one amino acid combines with the carboxyl group of another, with the formation of a __ bond and the elimination of a water molecule (Figure 1.30).

residues

Amino acids linked by peptide bonds are called amino acid _____ (they are no longer amino acids because the amino and carboxyl groups that reacted to form the peptide bond no longer exist).

ribosome

This reaction is catalyzed by a very large assembly of proteins and RNA called the ______, it ensures that the sequence of amino acids in the protein that is synthesized corresponds to the sequence specified by the messenger RNA that carries the genetic instructions from the DNA.

peptide, polypeptide, protein

When the chain contains only a small number of residues (fewer than ~50) it is referred to as a _______ or a _________, with the term “_____” usually being reserved for longer chains.

peptide backbone

The repetitive sequence of –NH–CH–CO– atoms that runs the length of the polymer is called the _________ ______.

N-terminal, C-terminal

The sequence of a protein is written with the ____-____ amino acid (the one with the free –NH3 + group) on the left and the _____—_____ amino acid (the one with the free –COO− group) on the right, as shown in Figure 1.31