AP Psychology | Chapter 8 - Memory

memory

persistence of learning over time, storing knowledge, and retrieving info

recall

retrieving info learned earlier

recognition

where the person only needs to identify items previously learned

relearning

assess the amount of time saved when learning the material again

encoding

extracting the meaning of something

storage

retention of encoded info overtime

retrieval

getting info out of memory storage

sensory memory

brief recording of sensory info in the memory system

short-term memory

activated memory that holds a few items briefly

long-term memory

permanent and limitless storage of info of the memory system

working memory

understanding the short term memory focuses on the conscious and info retrieved from long-term memory

explicit memory

memories that one can know

effortful processing

encoding that requires attention and effort

automatic processing

unconscious encoding of incidental info

implicit memory

retention that depends on conscious recollection

iconic memory

sensory memory of a visual stimuli

echoic memory

sensory memory of auditory stimuli

chunking

organizing items into familiar places

mnemonics

memory aids

spacing effect

tendency for a study to yield better long-term retention

testing effect

enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than reading info

shallow processing

encoding on a basic level

deep processing

encoding semantically

hippocampus

neural center located in the limbic system

flashbulb memory

clear memory of a significant event

LTP

increase in a cell's potential after rapid stimulation

priming

activation of particular associations in memory

mood-congruent memory

recalling experiences that is consistent with good/bad moods

serial position effect

tendency to recall the last and first items in a list

anterograde amnesia

inability to form new memories

retrograde amnesia

inability to retrieve info from the past

proactive interference

disruptive effect of prior learning on recalling new info

retroactive interference

disruptive effect on recalling old info

repression

A basic defense mechanism that cancels out arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

misinformation effect

placing misleading info into ones memory

source amnesia

The heart of many false memories

Deja vu

A situation that triggers an earlier experience similar to the current situation