Exam 2 BSC2011 USF

Summer 2025 exam 2

Which of the following statement about protists phylogeny is correct?

 

The group "protist" is polyphyletic and the group "SAR clade" is paraphyletic

 

The group "protist" is monophyletic and the group "Plantae" is paraphyletic

 

The group "protist" and the group "Unikonta" are both monophyletic

 

The group "protist" and the group "Excavata" are both paraphyletic

 

The group "protist" is paraphyletic and the group "Archaeplastida" is monophyletic

The group "protist" is paraphyletic and the group "Archaeplastida" is monophyletic.

All protists:

 

are eukaryotic

 

have plastids

 

are prokaryotes

 

are microscopic

 

reproduce sexually

are eukaryotic.

Which of the following groups of plants is most likely to undergo the process of coevolution with a pollinating animal?

 

A fern

 

A moss

 

A cherry tree

 

A cycad

A cherry tree

Chlorophytes and land plants have the following characteristics in common:

 

both include species that are unicellular

 

both include species that can produce pollen

 

both include species that can create habitat for animals

 

two of the above

 

both have secondary plastids

both include species that can create habitat for animals.

Which of the following organisms is most closely related to your pet cat?

 

choanoflagellates

 

fungi

 

radiolarian

 

slime mold

 

dinoflagellates

choanoflagellates

Eukaryotic __________ plastids are the result of an endosymbiotic event that involved cyanobacteria as endosymbionts. Since this original endosymbiotic event, some DNA may have been exchanged between the two symbiotic partners in a process called

 

primary plastids....transformation

 

primary plastids.....horizontal gene transfer

 

secondary plastids...transformation

 

secondary plastids....horizontal gene transfer

primary plastids.....horizontal gene transfer.

You find a bloom of blueish green microscopic organisms in a coastal embayment. After bringing some cells from it back to the lab you find that they release oxygen as they photosynthesize, and that they have no nucleus. You therefore determine that this bloom contains

 

Charophytes

 

Proteobacteria

 

Cyanobacteria

 

Chlorophytes

 

Photobacteria

Cyanobacteria

I’m interested in building a nice coffee table from a plant in my backyard. What kind of plant would be the LEAST useful for my project?

 

One with vascularity

 

One with seeds

 

One with flagellated sperm

 

One with an endosperm

One with flagellated sperm.

Which of the following is true concerning flowering plants?

 

Flowers produce compounds that deter herbivores.

 

The sporophyte generation consists of relatively few cells within the ovule.

 

The sporophyte generation is not photosynthetic.

 

The flower includes sporophyte tissue.

The flower includes sporophyte tissue.

Bacteria can gain new genetic material in many ways. How many of the following pairs are correct?
Binary fission - two bacteria exchange genetic material via a sex pilus
Transduction - a bacteriophage virus injects DNA through cell wall
Transformation - a bacteria takes up free floating DNA from the environment
Conjugation - a bacteria splits into two bacteria after copying its genetic material

 

Three are correct

 

One is correct

 

Two are correct

 

Four are correct

Two are correct

In what way does the green alga Ulva lactuca shown below resemble land plants?

 

It has a complex life cycle with diploid cells in the multicellular body and haploid cells in gametes only.

 

It has a multicellular haploid stage that alternates with a unicellular diploid stage.

 

It produces diploid gametes.

 

It has a complex life cycle with alternation between multicellular diploid and haploid generations.

It has a complex life cycle with alternation between multicellular diploid and haploid generations.

Which of the following statements about the conifer life cycle is accurate?

 

Haploid embryos are enclosed in a tough seed, nourished by maternal gametophyte tissue

 

Triploid endosperm is a relatively common phenomenon.

 

The pine tree is a gametophyte.

 

Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes.

Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes.

You find a plant with four basic plant adaptations. Which adaptation would most direcly indicate that the plant is able to tolerate very dry desert habitats?

 

Vascularity

 

Seeds

 

Alternation of generations

 

Leaves

Seeds

Which of the following groups is NOT in the same supergroup as land plants?

 

chlorophytes

 

charophytes

 

brown algae

 

red algae

brown algae

Bacteria are important in the global carbon cycle because

 

many are decomposers and release O₂ from organic molecules

 

some are producers and release CO₂ as they produce organic molecules

 

some can fix N₂ and thereby increase primary production rates

 

all bacteria use aerobic respiration

some can fix N₂ and thereby increase primary production rates.

You find something green growing in water.  Like a good biologist, you collect the green thing and subject it to a battery of scientific tests.  You figure out that the female gametophyte retains the embryo within its tissues.  Armed with this fact, you can confidently rule out the possibility of this green thing being a...

 

Monilophyte

 

Bryophyte

 

Lycophyte

 

Chlorophyte

Chlorophyte

Of the following, the plant that has an adaptation that allows it to be the tallest is

 

fern, because of its vascular system

 

liverwort, because of its megaphylls

 

true moss, because its sporophyte phase grows biger than its gametophyte phase

 

hornwort, because of its sporopollelin

 

fern, because of its vascular system.

In which group is the sporophyte generation smaller than and completely dependent upon the gametophyte generation?

 

angiosperms

 

bryophytes

 

monilophytes

 

gymnosperms

 

lycophytes

bryophytes

These silica shells were created by a protozoan with filose pseudopodia. That organism is a

 

dinoflagellate, a type of Excavata

 

slime mold, a type of amoebozoan

 

radiolarian, a type of Rhizarian

 

diatom, a type of Stramenopile

 

foraminifera, a type of Stramenopile

radiolarian, a type of Rhizarian.

Many flower traits are specifically attractive to a certain type of pollinator. For example, the scent of rotting flesh is very attractive to certain flies, but is not attractive at all to most other pollinators. What adaptive purpose is served by this kind of "niche marketing" of flowers to specific pollinators?

 

This targeting is done because the wrong kind of pollinator might eat all the pollen instead of delivering it to another flower.

 

Attracting specialized pollinators helps to increase the likelihood that pollen will be delivered to another flower of the same species. If more generalist pollinators were used, the odds would be greater that pollen will end up on the stigma of a different species.

 

This adaptation reduces pollinator traffic so that flowers have a chance to develop their pollen fully before it is spread.

 

This adaptation works to reduce pollinator traffic at a flower. Therefore flowers do not have to produce as much nectar to feed big crowds of pollinators.

Attracting specialized pollinators helps to increase the likelihood that pollen will be delivered to another flower of the same species. If more generalist pollinators were used, the odds would be greater that pollen will end up on the stigma of a different species.

Which of the following is a distinctive feature shared by all land plants?

 

Growth from apical meristems

 

Zygotic life cycle with embryo retained in maternal tissues

 

Sporophyte is the dominant part of the life cycle

 

Pollen

 

Vascularity

Growth from apical meristems.

Photosynthesizers in the ___________________ have primary plastids, which were aquired by endosymbiosis of a ___________________.

 

Stramenopiles . . . autotrophic eukaryotic protist

 

Archaeplastida . . . autotrophic prokaryote

 

Stramenopiles . . . autotrophic prokaryote

 

Archaeplastida . . . autotrophic eukaryotic protist

Archaeplastida . . . autotrophic prokaryote

Kelp, a multicellular photosynthetic seaweed that is anchored to the seafloor by rootlike structures and can grow to heights of 60 m, is a kind of

 

Plant

 

Stramenopile

 

Rhodophyte

 

Rhizarian

 

Chlorophyte

Stramenopile

Which of the following protists is NOT a type of algae?

 

Diatom

 

Kelp

 

Phytoplankton

 

Amoebozoan

Amoebozoan

You are trying to determine whether the green organism that you found in a pond sample is a charophyte or simple plant. Finding which of the following characteristic would be most helpful in doing so?

 

Sexual reproduction

 

Cell walls

 

Sporic life cycle

 

Chlorophyll b

Sporic life cycle

Which of the following cellular structures is characteristic of amoebas?

 

pseudopodia

 

cell wall

 

cilia

 

microvilli

 

flagella

pseudopodia

The marine, free-living Stilbonematinae (a type of round worm in the phylum Nematoda) inhabit marine sands and are characterized by an association with ectosymbiotic bacteria. The bacteria are Gram-negative, coccus, chemoautotrophic sulfur oxidizers. Which of the following accurately describes these bacteria?

 

They are rod-shaped, use energy from the sun to create organic molecules from inorganic components and have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall

 

They are rod-shaped, use energy from inorganic molecules to create organic molecules and have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall

 

They are round-shaped, use energy from the sun to create organic molecules from inorganic components and have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall

 

They are round-shaped, use energy from inorganic molecules to create organic molecules and have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall

 

They are round-shaped, use energy from the sun to create organic molecules from inorganic components and have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall

They are round-shaped, use energy from inorganic molecules to create organic molecules and have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall.

A species of plant lives close to a hot, dry environment. Which adaptation would help this species to colonize the hot, dry habitat?

 

Leaves that have low surface area to volume ratio

 

A dominant gametophyte generation

 

Flagellated sperm

 

A thinner cuticle

Leaves that have low surface area to volume ratio.

Which of the following traits are present in both Archaea and Eukarya?
1. ether linkages in cell membranes
2. histones
3. mitochondria
4. chromosome(s)

 

2 only

 

4 only

 

2 and 4

 

2 and 3

 

1 and 3

2 and 4

Why has the development of fruit been a trait that was selected for in angiospems?

 

because fruit produce sperm and eggs inside a protective coat

 

because fruit nourish the plants that make them

 

because fruit can increase dispersal of seeds

 

because fruit attract insects to the pollen inside

 

because the triploid tissue of the fleshy part of the fruit enhances fertlization rate

because fruit can increase dispersal of seeds.

While observing a gram stained bacteria, you note that the specimen has a purple color. This means that:

 

The specimen’s peptidoglycan’s layer is thin, making it a Gram negative bacteria

 

The specimen’s peptidoglycan’s layer is thick, making it a Gram positive bacteria

 

The specimen’s peptidoglycan’s layer is thin, making it a Gram positive bacteria

 

The specimen’s peptidoglycan’s layer is thick, making it a Gram negative bacteria

The specimen’s peptidoglycan’s layer is thick, making it a Gram positive bacteria.

Photosynthesis by bryophytes and lycophytes 300-360 million years ago removed ________ from the atmosphere, which produced a ______ global climate which eventually promoted the success of seed plants.

 

carbon dioxide . . . wetter, warmer

 

oxygen . . . wetter, warmer

 

oxygen . . . drier, cooler

 

carbon dioxide . . . drier, cooler

carbon dioxide . . . drier, cooler

A population of red oaks is found on an island off the coast of Maine which has historically had very few herbivores. In the 1990s, the winter moth, an invasive species, was introduced to Maine and establishes a healthy population on this island. Winter moths are herbivores and consume oak leaves.

 

Genetic drift is likely going to cause a decrease in the size of flowers

 

Directional selection is likely going to lead to an increase in the size and and brightness of fruit

 

Disruptive selection is likely going to lead to a speciation event

 

Directional selection is likely going to cause an increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds (secondary metabolites), in leaves

Directional selection is likely going to cause an increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds (secondary metabolites), in leaves.

Kale, bananas, strawberries, corn, and broccoli are all plants that can be purchased at your local grocery store. What feature unites all of these plants?

 

They are all fruits.

 

The evolution of all of them was shaped by thousands of years of artificial selection.

 

They all have lycophylls.

 

They all have wind-dispersed seeds.

The evolution of all of them was shaped by thousands of years of artificial selection.

A tree produces ovulate and pollen cones, and no flowers. By what mechanism is the pollen of this plant most likely to be dispersed?

 

Water

 

Birds/bees

 

Mammals

 

Wind

Wind

Chemoheterotrophic bacteria obtain their carbon from ________ and their energy from ________.

 

organic molecules . . . sunlight

 

organic molecules... organic molecules

 

CO2 . . . sunlight

 

CO2 . . . reactions involving inorganic chemicals

 

methane . . . sunlight

organic molecules... organic molecules.

Which of the following statement about protists phylogeny is correct?

 

The group "protist" and the group "Excavata" are both paraphyletic

 

The group "protist" is monophyletic and the group "Plantae" is paraphyletic

 

The group "protist" is paraphyletic and the group "Archaeplastida" is monophyletic

 

The group "protist" is polyphyletic and the group "SAR clade" is paraphyletic

 

The group "protist" and the group "Unikonta" are both monophyletic

The group "protist" is paraphyletic and the group "Archaeplastida" is monophyletic.

A species of plant lives close to a hot, dry environment. Which adaptation would help this species to colonize the hot, dry habitat?

 

Flagellated sperm

 

Leaves that have low surface area to volume ratio

 

A thinner cuticle

 

A dominant gametophyte generation

Leaves that have low surface area to volume ratio.

Bacteria are important in the global carbon cycle because

 

many are decomposers and release O₂ from organic molecules

 

all bacteria use aerobic respiration

 

some can fix N₂ and thereby increase primary production rates

 

some are producers and release CO₂ as they produce organic molecules

some can fix N₂ and thereby increase primary production rates.

Kelp, a multicellular photosynthetic seaweed that is anchored to the seafloor by rootlike structures and can grow to heights of 60 m, is a kind of

 

Rhodophyte

 

Stramenopile

 

Chlorophyte

 

Rhizarian

 

Plant

Stramenopile