Organ Transplant

What are the common types of organ transplantation?

Corneas, skin, bone marrow, heart valves, bone, and connective tissues.

What are the major transplanted organs?

Heart, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, and intestine.

What is the significance of tissue typing in organ transplantation?

The recipient usually receives a transplant from an ABO blood group-compatible donor and does not need to share the same Rh factor.

What does HLA Typing stand for?

Human Leukocyte Antigen.

What is a negative crossmatch in organ transplantation?

It indicates that the recipient's antibodies do not react with the donor's cells, suggesting compatibility.

What is a positive crossmatch in organ transplantation?

It indicates that the recipient's antibodies react with the donor's cells, suggesting incompatibility.

What is hyperacute rejection?

A type of transplant rejection that occurs within 24 hours due to preexisting antibodies, with no treatment available.

What characterizes acute rejection?

It occurs within the first 6 months and is usually a cell-mediated immune response.

What is chronic rejection?

A type of rejection that occurs over months or years and is irreversible, with treatment primarily supportive.

What is the goal of immunosuppressive therapy in organ transplantation?

To maintain a lifelong balance between preventing rejection and minimizing infection.

What are the major classes of immunosuppressive agents?

1) Calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus, cyclosporine), 2) Corticosteroids (prednisone, methylprednisolone), 3) Purine synthesis antagonists (mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine), 4) Sirolimus.

What is the purpose of dialysis?

To remove excess fluid and waste from the bloodstream when the kidneys can no longer do so.

What is peritoneal dialysis?

A type of dialysis that uses the client's peritoneal cavity and fluid installation to pull waste products into the cavity for drainage.

What are the risks associated with peritoneal dialysis?

Development of peritonitis.

What is hemodialysis?

A method that removes blood from the body, processes it through a dialyzing machine to remove fluid and waste, and returns it to the client.

What are the risks associated with hemodialysis?

Too rapid removal of fluid and electrolytes, leading to hypovolemia.

What nutritional considerations may be required for dialysis patients?

Fluid restriction, reduced potassium ingestion, and increased protein.

Who is Edward Cortez?

A 32-year-old male client awaiting a kidney transplant due to a history of Type I Diabetes and previous kidney damage.

How long has Edward Cortez been on dialysis?

2 years.

How long has Edward Cortez been on the transplant list?

3 months.

What is the expected outcome for Edward Cortez?

He is awaiting a phone call from the OR to prepare for kidney transplant surgery.

What is the role of Epoetin in relation to kidney function?

Epoetin is used to stimulate red blood cell production, often needed in patients with kidney failure.

What happened to Edward Cortez's left kidney?

It was removed due to damage from an automobile accident.