ANAT242 - quizlet

rostral/anterior

front

caudal/posterior

back

insula

cerebral lobe located deep within lateral sulcus

central sulcus

separates frontal and parietal lobes

transverse fissure

separates cerebrum from cerebellum

lateral sulcus

Separates temporal lobe from parietal and frontal lobes

parieto-occipital sulcus

only seen on medial side

pairs of spinal nerves

8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal

conus medullaris

tapered end of spinal cord

cauda equina

"horse's tail", a fan of nerve fibers below the spinal cord

filum terminale

fibrous extension of the pia mater; anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx

paralysis

loss of motor function

paresthesias

sensory loss

central canal

a fluid-filled channel in the center of the spinal cord

C1-C4 spinal injury

high tetraplegia

C5-C8 spinal injury

low tetraplegia (some upper limb movement)

thoracic/lumbar/sacral spinal injury

paraplegia

Ventral horn damage

motor loss

Dorsal horn damage

sensory loss

Dural layers

periosteal and meningeal

falx cerebri

separates cerebral hemispheres

falx cerebelli

separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum

tentorium cerebelli

separates cerebrum from cerebellum

pontine cistern

lies over the pons

Interpeduncular cistern

superior cistern

the cistern between the cerebellum and cerebrum

pia mater

thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges

cerebellomedullary cistern (cisterna magna)

lentiform nucleus

putamen and globus pallidus

corpus striatum

caudate, putamen, globus pallidus

Striatum

caudate nucleus and putamen

basal ganglia

corpus striatum, subthalamic nuclei, substantia nigra

commisural tracts

connect left and right hemispheres e.g. corpus callosum

projection tracts

connect brain to spinal cord e.g. internal capsule

association fibres

connect different parts of the same hemisphere

vertebral arteries

internal carotid artery

Number 4

basilar artery

anterior inferior cerebellar artery

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

superior cerebellar artery

posterior cerebral artery

Supplies posterior 2/3 cerebrum on medial side - occipital lobe

middle cerebral artery

Supplies the lateral part of the cerebral hemispheres

anterior cerebral artery

Supplies anterior 2/3 medial aspect of cerebrum and basal nuclei

anterior communicating artery

posterior communicating artery

brain system

A collection of structures in the brain that work together to perform a common function

CT (computed tomography) scan

X-rays (brightest) bone - blood - grey matter - white matter - CSF - fat (darkest) Advantages: Acute bleeding, skull fracture, quick, cheap, less scary than MRI Disadvantages: low resolution, radiation, structure only (no function)

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

1. high powered magnet aligns H+ in the body

2. Radio frequency pulse moves atoms out of alignment

3. Measure time for atoms to recover alignment - different tissues take different times Advantages: high resolution Disadvantages: long, loud and scary, not good for seeing bone/bleeding

T1 weighted MRI

Time for axis realignment (brightest) fat - white matter - grey matter - CSF (darkest)

T2 weighted MRI brain

Axial spin recovery time (brightest) CSF/water - grey matter - white matter - fat

subarachnoid space

a space in the meninges beneath the arachnoid membrane and above the pia mater that contains the cerebrospinal fluid

lumbar cistern

Used to sample CSF

lateral ventricles

third ventricle

inter ventricular foramen

epidural space

Fat-filled space between the vertebrae and dura mater - largest at T2

Choroid plexus in lateral ventricle

body and inferior horn

Choroid plexus in third ventricle

In roof

Fourth ventricle

cerebral aqueduct

superior and inferior medullary velum

choroid plexus in forth ventricle (A and C)

Formina of Luschka (lateral apertures)

pair of openings from the fourth ventricle to the subarachnoid space on either side and between the medulla and cerebellum - C

median aperture (foramen of Magendie)

B

Arterial supply to lateral surface of the brain

middle cerebral artery

Arterial supply to posterior 1/3 of cerebral hemispheres

posterior cerebral artery

Arterial supply of anterior 2/3 of hemispheres + basal nuclei

Anterior cerebral artery

superior saggital sinus

joins right transverse sinus

inferior sagittal sinus

straight sinus

joins left transverse sinus

transverse sinus

Confluens of sinuses

sigmoid sinus

cavernous sinus

superior petrosal sinus

inferior petrosal sinus

precentral gyrus

postcentral gyrus

superior frontal gyrus

middle frontal gyrus

inferior frontal gyrus

Broca's area

speech production

orbital inferior frontal gyrus

triangular inferior frontal gyrus

opercular inferior frontal gyrus

premotor cortex

cingulate gyrus

supplementary motor area

intraparietal sulcus

superior parietal lobule

inferior parietal lobule

supramarginal gyrus

angular gyrus

calcarine sulcus

superior temporal gyrus

middle temporal gyrus

inferior temporal gyrus

superior temporal sulcus

inferior temporal sulcus

occipitotemporal sulcus