APUSH Unit 10 Test

Red Scare

The perception that __communism is taking over the US__


1. __Strikes__- violent (nationwide)
2. __Bombings__- important people
3. __Riots__

“There is never a good time to strike against the public good.”-Gov. Calvin Coolidge

Palmer Raids

Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer feels he must __stop the communist hoard__

* __Arrests and deports 100s__
* Major search and seizure questions (__4th amendment__)

Scare begins to die down

Immigration Restriction

Discrimination vs. __Southern/Eastern Europeans__

* Immigration Act of 1924
* __(National Origins Act)__
* __2% of census__ from 1890
* (based on nationality)
* __No Japanese__

Scopes Trial

* Bible Belt
* Conservative
* Christian Fundamentalists
* __Outlaw evolution in public school__
* John T. __Scopes- arrested for teaching evolution__
* __**Religion vs. Science**__
* “Can evolution be taught in public schools?”
* Attorneys:
* Clarence Darrow- defense
* William J. Bryan- prosecuting
* Darrow made Bryan look old and illogical
* Scopes found guilty but receives just a fine

Charles Lindbergh

* __1st ever to fly solo over the Atlantic Ocean__
* Spirit of St. Louis
* 33 1/2 hours


* Lucky Lindy’s/Lone Eagle
* __Makes the aviation industry more popular__


* Hope in American ingenuity

Flappers

__Challenge the manner/morals of the 20s__

* __Dancing__
* Jewelry
* Makeup
* __Smoking__
* __Short hair__
* __Drinking__

Marcus Garvey

* From Jamaica
* United Negro Improvement Assoc.
* Back to Africa movement
* __**Ethnic Pride**__
* __Mass migration__

20s Literature/Lost Generation

* People felt __alienated__
* They were restless
* There was a __feeling the war had wasted lives__
* __H.L. Mencken__- “The Bad Boy of Baltimore”
* __F. Scott Fitzgerald- “The Great Gatsby”__
* __Ernest Hemmingway__- “The Old Man and the Sea”, “The Sun also Rises”, “A Farewell to Arms”
* __Sinclair Lewis__- “Babbit”
* __Robert Frost__- “The Road not Taken”

Andrew Mellon

* __Sec. of Treasury__
* Tax cuts for the rich

Tea Pot Dome

The __worst scandal of the Harding Administration__

* Secretary of the Interior, __Albert Fall, maneuvered to have two oil deposits put under the jurisdiction of the Dep. of the Interior__
* One of these was a reverse in Wyoming called Teapot Dome
* Fall then __leased these reserves to private companies and got large sums of money__ from them for doing it
* Fall was __convicted and finally sent to prison in 1929__

__**GOP Presidents in the 20s**__

* Support __modified laissez-faire__
* Using __courts and gov. agencies to aid big business__

Harding Administration

* __Ohio Gang__ (Harding gives political jobs to his corrupt friends)
* __Washington Naval Conference__
* __Kellogg-Briand Act__
* __Fordney-McCumber Tariff__
* __**Fewer reforms**__

Kellogg-Briand Treaty

* __Countries agree to outlaw war__
* Shows the fear of post-WW1 era

Election of 1928

Symbolizes the 20s

* __Herbert Hoover__
* Quaker
* __Self-made man__
* __Al Smith__
* __**Catholic**__

Demonstrated:

* __Prohibition__ was still a hot issue
* Still major __divisions between urban and rural America__

Reasons for the Stock Market Crash

* __**Over speculation**__ (buying on credit or margin)
* __**Over production**__
* __**Imbalance of trade**__ (Hawley-Smoot Tariff)
* __**Farm problems**__
* __**Problems in banking**__ (Federal Reserve)

Bonus Army

* __WW1 vets want their “bonus”__
* “Hoovervilles”
* PR disaster for Hoover

Reasons for Prohibition and why did it fail

* __Believed it would reduce crime and corruption__, solve social problems, reduce the tax burden, and improve health and hygiene
* Temperance Movement
* Prohibition failed
* __**Crime increased**__
* Not enough agents
* Very difficult to enforce

Impact of the automobile

__Created jobs throughout the country and played a large role in sustaining the economic prosperity__ of the 1920s

* __Assembly Lines__ made a __huge impact__ on __automobile manufacturing__

The Coolidge Administration differs from Harding’s

* The __Harding administration__ may have been the __most scandal-ridden administration in American political history__
* American business leaders could have had __no better friend in the White House than Calvin Coolidge__

What did Hoover do to ease the effects of the Stock Market Crash

__Reconstruction Finance Corporation__

* Loans to banks, railroads

Harding’s "Return to Normalcy"

* __No world-wide crusades__
* __Concentrate__ on __U.S. domestic issues__ (not reform)
* __Post-war peacetime economy__

Harlem Renaissance

__Art, music, and literature by African-Americans__ for A.A. (urban)

* Langston Hughes

Coolidge Quote

__“The business of America is business”__

* Government __spending low__
* __**No help for farmers**__ (overproduction)

Schenck v. United States

* Socialist that opposed the war
* Schenck passed out flyers using individuals to resist the draft
* Violation of the Espionage Act
* Schenck argued the Act violated the 1st amendment
* Schenck appealed to the Supreme Court


* Schenck’s right to free speech is limited because his actions pose a __**“clear and present danger”**__ to the US