APUSH Unit 10 Test

Red Scare

The perception that communism is taking over the US

1. Strikes- violent (nationwide)

2. Bombings- important people

3. Riots

“There is never a good time to strike against the public good.”-Gov. Calvin Coolidge

Palmer Raids

Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer feels he must __stop the communist hoard__

* __Arrests and deports 100s__
* Major search and seizure questions (__4th amendment__)

Scare begins to die down

Immigration Restriction

Discrimination vs. Southern/Eastern Europeans

• Immigration Act of 1924

  • (National Origins Act)

• 2% of census from 1890

  • (based on nationality)

    • No Japanese

Scopes Trial

• Bible Belt

• Conservative

• Christian Fundamentalists

  • Outlaw evolution in public school

• John T. Scopes- arrested for teaching evolution

  • Religion vs. Science

  • “Can evolution be taught in public schools?”

• Attorneys:

  • Clarence Darrow- defense

  • William J. Bryan- prosecuting

    • Darrow made Bryan look old and illogical

• Scopes found guilty but receives just a fine

Charles Lindbergh

• 1st ever to fly solo over the Atlantic Ocean

  • Spirit of St. Louis

  • 33 1/2 hours

• Lucky Lindy’s/Lone Eagle

  • Makes the aviation industry more popular

  • Hope in American ingenuity

Flappers

Challenge the manner/morals of the 20s

• Dancing

• Jewelry

• Makeup

• Smoking

• Short hair

• Drinking

Marcus Garvey

• From Jamaica

• United Negro Improvement Assoc.

• Back to Africa movement

• Ethnic Pride

• Mass migration

20s Literature/Lost Generation

• People felt alienated

• They were restless

• There was a feeling the war had wasted lives

  • H.L. Mencken- “The Bad Boy of Baltimore”

  • F. Scott Fitzgerald- “The Great Gatsby”

  • Ernest Hemmingway- “The Old Man and the Sea”, “The Sun also Rises”, “A Farewell to Arms”

  • Sinclair Lewis- “Babbit”

  • Robert Frost- “The Road not Taken”

Andrew Mellon

• Sec. of Treasury

• Tax cuts for the rich

Tea Pot Dome

The worst scandal of the Harding Administration

• Secretary of the Interior, Albert Fall, maneuvered to have two oil deposits put under the jurisdiction of the Dep. of the Interior

  • One of these was a reverse in Wyoming called Teapot Dome

• Fall then leased these reserves to private companies and got large sums of money from them for doing it

  • Fall was convicted and finally sent to prison in 1929

__**GOP Presidents in the 20s**__

• Support modified laissez-faire

• Using courts and gov. agencies to aid big business

Harding Administration

• Ohio Gang (Harding gives political jobs to his corrupt friends)

• Washington Naval Conference

• Kellogg-Briand Act

• Fordney-McCumber Tariff

• Fewer reforms

Kellogg-Briand Treaty

• Countries agree to outlaw war

• Shows the fear of post-WW1 era

Election of 1928

Symbolizes the 20s

• Herbert Hoover

  • Quaker

  • Self-made man

• Al Smith

  • Catholic

Demonstrated:

• Prohibition was still a hot issue

• Still major divisions between urban and rural America

Reasons for the Stock Market Crash

• Over speculation (buying on credit or margin)

• Over production

• Imbalance of trade (Hawley-Smoot Tariff)

• Farm problems

• Problems in banking (Federal Reserve)

Bonus Army

• WW1 vets want their “bonus”

• “Hoovervilles”

• PR disaster for Hoover

Reasons for Prohibition and why did it fail

• Believed it would reduce crime and corruption, solve social problems, reduce the tax burden, and improve health and hygiene

  • Temperance Movement

• Prohibition failed

  • Crime increased

  • Not enough agents

  • Very difficult to enforce

Impact of the automobile

__Created jobs throughout the country and played a large role in sustaining the economic prosperity__ of the 1920s

* __Assembly Lines__ made a __huge impact__ on __automobile manufacturing__

The Coolidge Administration differs from Harding’s

• The Harding administration may have been the most scandal-ridden administration in American political history

• American business leaders could have had no better friend in the White House than Calvin Coolidge

What did Hoover do to ease the effects of the Stock Market Crash

__Reconstruction Finance Corporation__

* Loans to banks, railroads

Harding’s "Return to Normalcy"

• No world-wide crusades

• Concentrate on U.S. domestic issues (not reform)

• Post-war peacetime economy

Harlem Renaissance

__Art, music, and literature by African-Americans__ for A.A. (urban)

* Langston Hughes

Coolidge Quote

“The business of America is business”

• Government spending low

• No help for farmers (overproduction)

Schenck v. United States

• Socialist that opposed the war

• Schenck passed out flyers using individuals to resist the draft

  • Violation of the Espionage Act

  • Schenck argued the Act violated the 1st amendment

• Schenck appealed to the Supreme Court

• Schenck’s right to free speech is limited because his actions pose a “clear and present danger” to the US