1st Assessment: 1

ABO and H Blood group Systems and Secretor Status, Rh Blood groups, Other Blood group Systems

It is a specific response of the immune system in which antibodies specific to a particular immunogen or antigen are produced

Acquired immunity

is a nonspecific reaction of the immune system that attacks all invaders in a similar manner

Innate immunity

Innate immunity includes physical and biochemical barriers and cells such as leukocytes, including ____, ___, and ____

neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and natural killer cells

Are substances that combine with an antibody.

Antigens

An antigen that causes a specific immune response is an ____

immunogen

There are ____ RBC antigen systems containing over ___ RBC antigens.

There are 23 RBC antigen systems containing over 200 RBC antigens.

RBC antigens are inherited and are composed of?

proteins, glycoproteins, and glycolipids

HLA’s are present on

leukocytes and tissue cells

Genes that encode the HLAs are part of the

major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

The MHC is on chromosome ___ and is divided into

1) Class I includes

2) Class II includes

3) Class III includes

The MHC is on chromosome 6 and is divided into Class I, II, and III.

1) Class I includes loci A, B, and C.

2) Class II includes loci DR, DP, and DQ.

3) Class III includes complement proteins.

Platelet antigens

• Antibodies reacting with platelets may be ___, ___, or platelet specific.

• Diseases: ___ and ____

• Antibodies reacting with platelets may be ABO, HLA, or platelet specific.

• Diseases: Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and posttransfusion purpura

Molecular structure

• Each molecule has ___ heavy chains and ___ light chains.

• The heavy chain is responsible for the immunoglobulin class ____.

• The antibody binding site is found in the _____ of the heavy and light chains.

• Each molecule has two heavy chains and two light chains.

• The heavy chain is responsible for the immunoglobulin class specificity.

• The antibody binding site is found in the variable region of the heavy and light chains.

IgM antibodies

• Composed of _____ basic immunoglobulin units

• Can directly bind with RBCs and produce _____

• Can activate ______

• Cannot cross the _____ because of large size of molecule

• React optimally at _____ and below

• Except in the case of the ABO blood group system, typically clinically insignificant

• Composed of five basic immunoglobulin units (pentamer)

• Can directly bind with RBCs and produce agglutination

• Can activate complement

• Cannot cross the placenta because of large size of molecule

• React optimally at room temperature and below

• Except in the case of the ABO blood group system, typically clinically insignificant

IgG antibodies

• ____ immunoglobulin unit

• Cannot visibly agglutinate RBCs

• Cannot activate complement unless ___ molecules are present (i.e., IgG3)

• Can cross the _____

• React optimally at _____

• Typically clinically significant; capable of causing transfusion reactions or _____

• Single immunoglobulin unit

• Cannot visibly agglutinate RBCs

• Cannot activate complement unless two molecules are present (i.e., IgG3)

• Can cross the placenta

• React optimally at 37°C

• Typically clinically significant; capable of causing transfusion reactions or ______