schemes

antithesis

parallelism that creates a negation (speech is gold, but silence is silver)

climax

series of examples with the final example in the series being the most important or receiving the most emphasis (I came, I saw, I conquered)

asyndeton

In a series, the use of commas without coordinating conjunctions (AND) to separate commas (reduce, reuse, recycle)

epistrophe

repetition at the END of successive sentences or clauses (the government of the people, by the people, for the people)

alliteration

repetition of consonant sounds in successive words

parallelism

similar syntactical pattern in multiple sentences, clauses, paragraphs, pair nouns with nouns, verbs with verbs (to know her is to love her)

juxtaposition

two ideas/objects/whatever are compares/contrasted, differences placed side by side (All’s fair in love and war)

antimetabole

a “mirrored” sentence effect in which a sentence or clause is reversed in a subsequent sentence or clause (I know what I like, and I like what I know)

anaphora

repetition at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences (every breath, every watch, every break, every step you take)

rhetorical question

asks a question to which no answer need be provided

polysyndeton

in a series, the use of no commas with an excessive amount of coordinating conjunctions (AND) (she ate and slept and walked and played)

circumlocution

an idea that could be simply expressed is elaborately expressed (the father of ones father vs grandfather)

zeugma

a single word or phrase is applied to two others in different senses

scheme

artful arrangement of a sentence that does not change its literal meaning. Most of these are variations on repetition