HEAT EXAM

purpose of valves in vessels?

prevent backflow

lab test that can be done on blood?

complete blood count (CBC)

where do heart attacks happen in heart

left ventricle - contraction makes high BP

why do patients with liver disease have big bellies

??

edema

high BP shifting plasma into ISF

what kind of blood leaving diff heart chambers and vessels

right atrium/ventricle : O2 poor

left atrium/ventricle : O2 rich

capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP)

filtration

pressure from blood inside

BP pushing out

tissue hydrostatic pressure (TCOP)

absorption

pulling fluid INTO capillary

capillary oncotic pressure (PCOP)

absorption

pulls fluids in capillary

caused by proteins (albumin)

protein = sponge pulling fluid

tissue oncotic pressure (TOP)

filtration

pulls fluid OUT of capillary

draws water into tissues

hypertension

filtration

high pressure pushes against capillary → ups CHP → too much fluid pushed out

nephrotic syndrome

filtration

albumin lost in urine → lower PCOP → less fluid in capillary

hemorrhage

absorption

loss of blood → lower CHP → COP stays same pulling fluid in

cardiac cycle

1. passive filling

2. atrial contraction

3. ventricles contract

4. ventricular relaxation

1. passive filling

heart relaxed

2. atrial contraction

adds 20% to ventrical

3. ventricles contract

close mitral and tricuspid valve

contract till semilunar valves open

4. ventricular relaxation

slam semilunar valves shut

what chamber is SA in?

right atrium

why liver disease cause big belly

fluid build up in abdomen

high BP causes leaks and low albumin allows fluid to leak into tissue

cirrhosis

severe scarring in liver - hard to function

ECG - P

atrial depolarization

ECP - QRS

ventricular depolarization

ECG - T

ventricular repolarization

what are capillaries made of?

simple squamous epithelium

CHP where

inside vessel

filtration

TCOP where

outside vessel

filtration

THP where

outside vessel

absorption

PCOP where

inside vessel

absorption

diameter of capillary?

1 RBC

gas exchange in capillary

tissue close to capillary for O2 diffusion

how many layers can capillary oxygenize

2 layers

elastic arteries do?

bulge out then squeeze down

makes consistent blood flow → distribute nutrients

elastic arteries made of?

elastic connective tissue

arteriosclerosis

arteries harden → pulsate flow → destroys nutrient delivery

caused by fat plaque buildup

artericles

smooth muscle bands

allow constriction/dilation

veins

reservoir for blood

low pressure

veins made of?

smooth muscle

why does heart have ability to beat

pacemaker and contractile cardiomyocytes

PMC makes signal

CC make contractions

contractions due to striations

smooth muscle: slow; no striation

cardiac: medium; weakly striated

skeletal: fast; heavily striated

sympathetic nervous system effect on heart

epinephrine → up heart rate and strength

parasympathetic effect on heart

acetylcholine → lower heart rate and strength

hills and valleys on cardiac muscle

huge surface area → faster action potential

lots of cell-to-cell contact