Exam 2 - part 4, blood pressure

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36 Terms

1
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what artery is used to measure BP

brachial

2
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systolic pressure refers to the peak arterial BP taken during what?

ventricular contraction

3
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diastolic pressure refers to the minimum arterial BP taken during what

ventricular relaxation

4
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the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure is known as

pulse pressure

5
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the mean pressure one would obtain by taking measurements at several intervals throughout the cardiac cycle is known as

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

6
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what is the equations for MAP

diastolic + (1/3 of pulse pressure)

7
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blood flow in arteries is ____ while flow in veins and capillaries is ____

pulsatile, steady

8
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t/f

BP tends to lower with age

false, rise

9
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stiffening of arteries due to deterioration of elastic tissues of artery walls is known as

arteriosclerosis

10
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hypertension is a BP>

140/90

11
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hypotension is a BP <

90/60

12
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what can cause hypotension

blood loss, dehydration, anemia

13
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what is known as the "silent killer"? why?

hypertension

most common cardiovascular disease, person doesn't feel the damage

14
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how does hypertension damage the heart

increases afterload, myocardium enlarges

15
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which type of hypertension is 90% of all cases

primary

16
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what can lead to primary hypertension

obesity, sedentary behavior, diet, nicotine

17
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secondary hypertension results in response to another disease. What are some diseases that could cause hypertension to occur

cushing syndrome, hyperthyroidism, atherosclerosis, kidney disease

18
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what determines BP

CO, blood volume, resistance to flow

19
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what regulates blood volume

kidneys

20
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the amount of blood flowing through an organ, tissue, or blood vessel in a given time is known as

blood flow

21
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the flow per given volume or mass of tissue in a given time is known as

perfusion

22
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at rest, total flow is ___ and is equal to ___

constant, CO

23
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the flow of blood through blood vessels is known as

hemodynamics

24
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the distance a particle of fluid travels with regard to time is known as

velocity

25
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rate of displacement of a volume of fluid is known as

flow

26
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blood flow is based on what two factors

pressure and resistance

27
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greater pressure = ___ flow

greater resistance = ___ flow

greater, less

28
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according to poiseuille's law, larger radius means average velocity of flow is ___ and a small radius will have an average velocity of flow that is ____

high, low

29
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the opposition to flow that blood encounters in vessels away from the heart is known as

peripheral resistance

30
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what 3 variables affect resistance

blood viscosity, vessel length, and vessel radius

31
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what two things cause an increase in viscosity the most

RBC count, albumin concentration

32
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increased viscosity with polycythemia and dehydration ___ flow

slows

33
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the farther blood travels through a vessel the more ___ it encounters, thus declining ___ and ___ with distance

friction, pressure, flow

34
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what is the most powerful influence on flow

vessel radius

35
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what type of vessel outnumbers any other type of artery and is the most significant point of control over peripheral resistance

aterioles

36
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arterioles produce ____ of the total peripheral resistance

half