Biology 1720 - Protists & Fungi

Where are protists and fungi classified?

a. Prokaryotes

b. Eukaryotes

c. Archaea

d. Viruses

b. Eukaryotes

What does the theory of endosymbiosis describe?

a. A process where mitochondria are formed through binary fission

b. An ancestral cell engulfing an aerobic bacterium, forming an early eukaryote

c. Evolution of chloroplasts exclusively

d. The creation of prokaryotic organisms

b. An ancestral cell engulfing an aerobic bacterium, forming an early eukaryote

What did mitochondria and chloroplasts evolve from?

a. Viruses living in cells

b. Fungi living in cells

c. Bacteria living in cells

d. Protists living in cells

c. Bacteria living in cells

What is the primary characteristic of most protists?

a. Most are multicellular

b. Most are unicellular

c. Most are photosynthetic

d. Most reproduce sexually

b. Most are unicellular

What are red and green algae examples of?

a. Unicellular protists

b. Multicellular protists

c. Prokaryotes

d. Mixotrophs

b. Multicellular protists

What are the modes of nutrition in protists?

a. Photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, or mixotrophs

b. Carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores

c. Scavengers exclusively

d. Decomposers exclusively

a. Photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, or mixotrophs

How do protists reproduce?

a. Only sexually

b. Only asexually

c. Both asexually and sexually

d. By binary fission exclusively

c. Both asexually and sexually

Which of the following are examples of animal-like protists?

a. Trypanosoma, Amoeba, Paramecium

b. Euglena, diatoms, dinoflagellates

c. Slime molds

d. None of the above

a. Trypanosoma, Amoeba, Paramecium

Which of the following are examples of plant-like protists?

a. Trypanosoma, Amoeba, Paramecium

b. Euglena, diatoms, dinoflagellates

c. Slime molds

d. None of the above

b. Euglena, diatoms, dinoflagellates

Which of the following is an example of a fungus-like protist?

a. Trypanosoma, Amoeba, Paramecium

b. Euglena, diatoms, dinoflagellates

c. Slime molds

d. None of the above

c. Slime molds

Which protist symbionts benefit coral reefs?

a. Plasmodium

b. Pfiesteria shumwayae

c. Dinoflagellates

d. Wood-digesting protists

c. Dinoflagellates

Which protists inhabit the gut of termites?

a. Wood-digesting protists

b. Dinoflagellates

c. Plasmodium

d. Pfiesteria shumwayae

a. Wood-digesting protists

Which protist causes malaria?

a. Dinoflagellates

b. Plasmodium

c. Pfiesteria shumwayae

d. Wood-digesting protists

b. Plasmodium

What is the role of protists in the food chain?

a. They serve as top predators

b. They are decomposers exclusively

c. They are an important part of the food chain

d. They form the base of the food chain

c. They are an important part of the food chain

What major contribution do protists make to Earth's atmosphere?

a. They increase nitrogen levels

b. They produce a big part of the O₂

c. They remove oxygen

d. They release methane

b. They produce a big part of the O₂

Approximately how many species of fungi have been described?

a. ~10,000 species

b. ~50,000 species

c. ~100,000 species

d. ~1,000,000 species

c. ~100,000 species

What are fungal cell walls made of?

a. Cellulose

b. Chitin

c. Lignin

d. Keratin

b. Chitin

How do fungi obtain nutrients?

a. Through photosynthesis

b. By absorbing nutrients after breaking down food with enzymes (heterotrophs)

c. By ingesting food particles

d. Through symbiotic relationships exclusively

b. By absorbing nutrients after breaking down food with enzymes (heterotrophs)

What are the diverse lifestyles of fungi?

a. Only decomposers

b. Decomposers, parasites, and mutualists

c. Parasites exclusively

d. Mutualists exclusively

b. Decomposers, parasites, and mutualists

What are the two possible body structures of fungi?

a. Unicellular and prokaryotic

b. Unicellular and multicellular

c. Multicellular and prokaryotic

d. Only multicellular

b. Unicellular and multicellular

What is an example of a unicellular fungus?

a. Mycelium

b. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast)

c. Hyphae

d. Mold

b. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast)

What is the function of hyphae in fungi?

a. To produce spores

b. To carry out photosynthesis

c. To absorb nutrients through branched structures

d. To store water

c. To absorb nutrients through branched structures

What is a mycelium?

a. A single hypha

b. Interwoven mass of hyphae

c. A type of spore

d. A fungal cell wall component

b. Interwoven mass of hyphae

How does the mycelium benefit fungi?

a. It protects against predators

b. It increases surface area for absorption

c. It stores energy

d. It produces oxygen

b. It increases surface area for absorption

What are mycorrhizae?

a. Specialized spores for reproduction

b. Specialized hyphae for exchanging nutrients with plant roots

c. Fungal cells that store nutrients

d. Bacteria that live on plant roots

b. Specialized hyphae for exchanging nutrients with plant roots

What is a characteristic of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi?

a. Hyphae grow only around the root surface

b. Hyphae extend into root cell walls, but not the membrane

c. Hyphae form spores inside the root cells

d. Hyphae remain outside the root cortex

b. Hyphae extend into root cell walls, but not the membrane

What is a characteristic of ectomycorrhizal fungi?

a. Hyphae extend into root cell membranes

b. Hyphae grow around the root surface and root cortex

c. Hyphae form spores inside the root cells

d. Hyphae only assist in oxygen delivery

b. Hyphae grow around the root surface and root cortex

What is the benefit of mycorrhizal fungi to plants?

a. Increased oxygen absorption

b. Improved phosphate delivery

c. Protection from predators

d. Enhanced carbohydrate production

b. Improved phosphate delivery

What do mycorrhizal fungi receive from plants in return?

a. Phosphate

b. Carbohydrates

c. Nitrogen

d. Oxygen

b. Carbohydrates

What is a characteristic of chytrids?

a. Cup-shaped fruiting bodies

b. Fast-growing molds

c. Flagellated spores

d. Filamentous hyphae

c. Flagellated spores

What infection are chytrids responsible for?

a. Malaria

b. Chytrid infection of amphibians

c. Black mold infection

d. Cordyceps disease

b. Chytrid infection of amphibians

What is a characteristic of zoopagomycetes?

a. Cup-shaped fruiting bodies

b. Filamentous hyphae & nonflagellated spores

c. Mushrooms

d. Flagellated spores

b. Filamentous hyphae & nonflagellated spores

What type of lifestyle is common among Zoopagomycetes?

a. Decomposers

b. Parasites

c. Mutualists

d. Photosynthetic

b. Parasites

What are Mucuromycetes known for?

a. Producing flagellated spores

b. Being fast-growing molds, including black mold & bread mold

c. Forming cup-shaped fruiting bodies

d. Growing mushrooms

b. Being fast-growing molds, including black mold & bread mold

What is a characteristic of Ascomycetes?

a. Cup-shaped fruiting bodies

b. Filamentous hyphae

c. Black mold

d. Nonflagellated spores

a. Cup-shaped fruiting bodies

Which fungi include Cordyceps?

a. Basidiomycetes

b. Zoopagomycetes

c. Ascomycetes

d. Mucuromycetes

c. Ascomycetes

What are Basidiomycetes commonly known as?

a. Cup fungi

b. Mushrooms

c. Black mold

d. Yeast

b. Mushrooms

What important ecological role do Basidiomycetes play?

a. They produce flagellated spores

b. They act as important terrestrial decomposers

c. They form cup-shaped fruiting bodies

d. They infect amphibians

b. They act as important terrestrial decomposers

What are some examples of food products produced using fungi?

a. Meat and fish

b. Beer, bread, some cheeses, and soy sauce

c. Fruits and vegetables

d. Eggs and dairy exclusively

b. Beer, bread, some cheeses, and soy sauce

What type of relationships can fungi form in ecosystems?

a. Symbiotic relationships

b. Competitive relationships exclusively

c. Predator-prey relationships

d. Parasitic relationships exclusively

a. Symbiotic relationships

What role do fungi play as decomposers?

a. Breaking down dead organisms and recycling nutrients

b. Producing oxygen through photosynthesis

c. Consuming live organisms for nutrients

d. Forming cup-shaped fruiting bodies

a. Breaking down dead organisms and recycling nutrients

Which antibiotic is derived from fungi?

a. Ampicillin

b. Tetracycline

c. Penicillin

d. Streptomycin

c. Penicillin