Principles Of Chemistry Exam 1 - Unit 2 ONLY

Solid,

Solid - Form close attachments, vibrate in fixed positions, Definite Shape and Volume

Liquid

Liquid - Still attracted, move faster, breaking attractions, Definite volume, takes shape of container

Gas

Gas - Vapor, Particles more quick, no significant attraction more free, No definite shape or volume to fill container, compressible

Physical Properties

Observed without changing chemical composition, shape, physical state, boiling point, density, color, freezing point

Chemical Properties

New substance formed via chemical change, new composition, new chemical and physical properties

Physical Change

Reversable, Changes of state, changes of seperation, seperation of a mixture,

Chemical Change

Atoms rearrange to form new substances EVIDENCE : Color, odor, formation of bubbles, temperature

Endothermic Phase change

absorbs heat energy, particles more faster, spread apart

Exothermic Phase change

reactions release or emit heat energy meaning particles move more slower, form new attractions

Kinetic Energy

Energy of motion,

Examples :

Heat, electrical energy, sound, electromagnetic radiation

Potential Energy

stored energy or energy due to the position of an object

Examples :

Chemical energy - energy STORED in bonds

Nuclear energy - Energy STORED in the nucleus of the atom

Difference between Kinetic energy and Potential energy

Potential energy - STATIONARY Stored energy

Kinetic energy - In MOTION, Actively being used for movement

Farenheight

Water freezes at 32 F

Water boils at 212 F

Celsisus

Water freezes at 0 c

Water boils at 100 c

Kelvin

Water freezes at 273.15k

Water boils at 373.15k

Farenheight → to Celsius Equation

Celsius → Farenheight Equation

T_c=5/9(t_f -32)

T_f=9/5 (T_c +32)

Celsisus → Kelvin

T_k = T_c + 273.15

Substance with High specific heat

Resists temperature change, requires more energy to cause a temperature change (Harder to heat and cool down)

Low specific heat

Easy to temperature change, heats up quickly, cools down rapidly, (easier to heat up/cool down)

Difference between temperature and heat

Temp: Measurement of average kinetic energy in object

Heat - flow of energy from an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature

Heating Curve

Plots energy transferred to a substance versus it’s temperature

ex ) as heat is added to a substance the temperature will rise up until a phase change point is reached.

Rise of temperature - > Diagonal line,

Phase change - Horizontal line

Sublimation

Solid → gas

Deposition

Gas → solid

Vaporization

Liquid → Gas

Condensation

Gas → Liquid