Studied by 2 people
what time of day would produce the most oxygen?
daylight hours; afternoonish
what supplies the energy in the electron transport chain to establish a proton concentration gradient?
electron transport chain; the electrons moving
how exactly would an enzyme speed up the rate of reaction?
by lowering the activation energy
how could you alter the rate of reaction when a competitive inhibitor is introduced to the chemical reaction?
adding excess substrates (want to overwhelm the inhibitor)
what is the most common electron acceptor in cellular respiration?
NAD+
What is the secondary electron carrier in cellular respiration?
FAD2
what is the source of carbon for plants to generate their organic molecules?
CO2
what are some purposes of ATP?
primary energy source, muscle contraction, protein synthesis, anabolic reactions
what metabolic pathway rate would be directly affected by light intensity?
light reactions
what is the source of the energetic building materials for the Calvin cycle?
light reactions; ATP and NADPH
how are the most ATP molecules produced in cellular respiration?
Kreb's cycle
how is an enzyme produced to be highly specific?
form and function
what would an inhibitor do to the rate of reaction?
slow it down or stop
why do accessory pigments exist in plants?
to increase their access to wavelengths of visible light that chlorophylls can't absorb
when would a human use more ATP: during a heavy sprint period or during a long, slow run?
heavy sprint period
why do we breathe oxygen?
it is the final electron acceptor
what ATP producing process is seen in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
chemiosmosis
what process directly incorporates carbon fixation?
Calvin cycle
what process releases the most CO2 through redox reactions?
Krebs cycle
what pathway releases oxygen?
light reactions
what process breaks down sugar to produce pyruvic acid?
glycolysis
cellular respiration and photosynthesis formulas + waste products
cellular respiration: C6H12O6+6O2 > 6CO2+6H2O. photosynthesis: 6CO2+6H2O -> C6H12O6+6O2 wastes: ATP and heat
what two energetic molecules are produced during the light reactions?
ATP + NADPH
where would you see an acidic environment in a mitochondria?
the intermembrane space
where do each of the unique metabolic reactions occur?
cytoplasm, mitochondria, thylakoid membranes, stroma
what is the only metabolic reaction that is used in aerobic respiration and fermentation?
glycolysis
why are NAD+ and FAD+ important compounds?
they accept high energy electrons + carry them to the electron transport chain where they synthesize ATP
how could you determine or measure if an enzyme is working?
measure the breakdown of the substrates; the amount of substrate changes
what is the direct effect of humans going through fermentation?
lactic acid
differentiate between the light dependent and light independent reactions?
light dependent -> high energy, light independent -> G3P
what are the important storage carbohydrates of plants and animals?
plants- starch; animals- glycogen
coupled energetic reactions
energy generated from one reaction is used to power a second reaction; break something down to build something up; ex: catabolic + anabolic reactions
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