Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry (Mole Concept)

A collection of flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the chemistry lecture on the mole concept and related topics.

Yield Concept

Theoretical yield calculated from stoichiometry vs. actual yield experimentally obtained.

Limiting Reagent

The reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction, determining the quantity of product formed.

Strichometric Coefficient

The numbers in a balanced equation that indicate the ratio of moles of each reactant and product.

Actual Yield

The amount of product actually obtained from a chemical reaction.

Theoretical Yield

The maximum amount of product that could be formed from given amounts of reactants.

Percentage Yield

(Actual Yield ÷ Theoretical Yield) × 100.

Molarity (M)

Number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Molality (m)

Number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Density (d)

Mass of solute divided by the volume of solution.

Parts per Million (ppm)

Concentration of a substance in a solution, usually in terms of mg of solute per liter of solution.

Parts per Billion (ppb)

Concentration of a substance in a solution, typically in terms of micrograms of solute per liter of solution.

Solutions

Homogeneous mixtures composed of solutes dissolved in a solvent.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture with a uniform composition throughout.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture with a non-uniform composition.

Mole Fraction

The ratio of the number of moles of a component to the total number of moles in the mixture.

Concentration Terms

Measured in various ways such as molarity, molality, mass percent, etc.

Error Propagation

The way errors in measurements affect calculations.

Significant Figures

Digits in a number that are considered to be reliable and contribute to its precision.

Avogadro's Number

6.022 x 10²³, the number of atoms, ions, or molecules in one mole of a substance.

Atomic Mass Unit (amu)

A unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular weights.

Chemical Reaction

A process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

Stoichiometry

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions.

Philosopher's Stone

A legendary substance said to be capable of turning base metals into gold.