neurophysio exam

wilson

original 3 parts of brain

prosencephalon (forebrain), mesencephalon (midbrain), rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

prosencephalon becomes:

telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres) and diencephalon (hypothalamus, thalamus)

mesencephalon becomes:

mesencephalon (midbrain)

rhombencephalon becomes:

metencephalon (pons and cerebellum) and myelencephalon (medulla)

which cells myelinate the CNS?

oligodendrocytes

which cells myelinate the PNS?

schwann cells

which direction does kinesin travel?

from cell body to terminal of axon; anterograde transport

which direction does dynein travel?

from axon terminal to cell body; retrograde transport

unipolar

neuron with one process

pseudounipolar

unipolar neuron but the one process branches into two

bipolar

2 processes

multipolar

most common, multiple processes

microglia

immune defense of the CNS

astrocytes

provide nutrient support to neurons, repair damage to nervous system tissue, regulate communication between neurons, maintain blood-brain barrier

ependymal cells

found in the walls of ventricles, where they make CSF that circulates around the brain, protecting the brain from injury and removing waste products from the brain

radial glia

neurogenesis and neural development; can give birth to neurons and serves as a scaffold along which new neurons can travel from their site of origin to their final destination in the brain

satellite cells

surround neurons in some parts of the PNS, protect and support; POSSIBLY involved in regulated neuronal environment of some PNS neurons

hematoxylin

red/blue dye that labels negatively charged things (like the nucleus)

eosin

pink dye that stains cytoplasm

cresyl violet

a nissl stain that stains the rough ER (protein synthesis), the soma, and some of the dendrites

silver/golgi stain

stains at random, unknown mechanism

osmium

labels myelin; helps with visualization of nodes and internodes; TOXIC

MS

multiple sclerosis; immune system attacks myelin in CNS

Guillan Barre

immune system attacks myelin in PNS

what tissue is this and what stain?

cerebellum; golgi/silver stain

what tissue is this?

peripheral nerve

ganglia

groups of cell bodies

rostral

toward head

caudal

toward tail

afferent

to the CNS

efferent

away from CNS

anaxonic

no axon