US History Unit 9

President Truman

aided the French in their control over the region of Vietnam

Ngo Dinh Diem

The people of South Vietnam protested his rule because he was Catholic; he also refused to participate in the 1956 election

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Allowed Johnson to take all necessary measures in Vietnam to defend against armed attacks on U.S. forces

Operation Rolling Thunder

President Johnson's sustained bombing campaign to convince North Vietnam to stop reinforcing the Vietcong

counterculture

They defied social norms regarding sexual behavior, rejecting materialism, but they used drugs

Détente

A cooling of tension, like when Nixon signed of SALT I

Vietnamization

Nixon's policy to reduce US troop levels and empower South Vietnamese forces to assume more combat duties

Geneva Accords

Gave Vietnam their independence, effectively ended French rule in Indochina, and declared an election would take place in 1956 to reunify the country at 17th Parallel

Three Mile Island

Dealt with environmental concerns, when the nuclear reactor partially melted down

Vietcong

Used a strategy of continually move and fight short battles

My Lai

American soldiers killed hundreds of Vietnamese civilians

Pentagon Papers

Revealed American leaders misled Congress and the American people about the war

Tet Offensive

Damaged American morale because it demonstrated that the communists had not lost the will or ability to fight

Camp David Accords

President Carter was able to get Egypt to agree to recognize Israel

realpolitik

Nixon's practical approach to the Vietnam War

SALT I

helped reduce tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union regarding the arms race

Nixon's visit to China

To drive a wedge between China and the Soviet Union, benefitting the U.S. in the long run

Iranian Hostage Crisis

Was ignited by U.S. acceptance of the Shah into the U.S. and lasted over a year

Richard Nixon's EPA laws

Environmental laws that protected the air, water, and endangered species

Ho Chi Minh Trail / Cambodia

Where Nixon ordered secret bombings to reduce the flow of communist supplies

Henry Kissinger

Nixon's key National Security Advisor regarding foreign policy

Kent State

Student protest occurred due to the invasion of Cambodia

Gerald Ford

Pardoned Nixon and struggled with Stagflation and Congress

Jimmy Carter

An outsider to the negative politics of Washington, D.C.

lied and cover up

The reason did Nixon resined the presidency

Robert McNamara

The Secretary of Defense under President Johnson, who initially encouraged escalation of the war in Vietnam, but later considered the conflict to be unwinnable

The Draft

Caused a disproportionate number of low-income individuals to be sent and killed overseas

Afghanistan

US sent weapons to these rebels to resist the Russians

Turmoil of 1968

MLK, RFK assassinations, Olympics in Mexico violence, and protestors clashed with police at Democratic National Convention

Communist control of Vietnam

Ultimately, the end of the Vietnam War, during Ford's presidency, in 1975

Ngo Dinh Diem

Refused to participate in the 1956 Vietnamese election

War Powers Act of 1973

Gave Congress more oversight regarding the president's war decisions

Silent Spring

Book focused on the deadly impact of pesticides on the environment

Jesus Revolution

Hippies search for truth and God

OPEC

Caused oil prices to heighten by 70% due to US support for Israel

Yom Kippur War

Nixon saved Israel from inhalation in the 1973

Carter's foreign policy

Focused on upholding peace and human rights

Love Canal and Three Mile Island

Environmental disasters