Bio- Cell Transport

When were Microscopes for developed and used

The 1600s

Who coined the term cell while observing dead cork cells

Robert Hooke in 1665

Who is the Father of Microbiology and was the first to use a microscope to study microorganisms?

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

What are the three ideas in The Cell Theory

1. All Living things are made of one or more cells.

2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

What are the two Major Classes of Cells

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

What is significant to Prokaryotic Cells?

1. Smaller Simpler

2. Lack a nucleus and most other organelles

What is an example of Prokaryotic Cells?

Bacteria & Archaea

What is significant about Eukaryotic Cells

1. Have a Nucleus surrounded by a membrane and other membrane-bound organelles.

2. More Complex

What is an example of Eukaryotic Cells?

Fungi, Protists Plants & Animals

How do Plant cells look compared to Animal Cells

Plants are rectangular Animals are circular

What 3 Organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

Chloroplast, Cell Wall, and a Large Central Vacuole.

What do both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have in common?

They Have plasma membranes, ribosomes, and genetic material (DNA).

What is the Plasma Membrane?

The Plasma Membrane regulates substances moving into and out of a cell.

What is Plasma Membrane composed of?

Phospholipids (Heads and Tails)

What is the phospholipid Bilayer?

A fluid-like membrane and act as Selectively permeable membrane.

What does it mean to be selectively Permeable Membrane?

A Selectively Permeable Membrane allows some substances to cross more easily than others and blocks some altogether.

What are the three primary ways substances cross the membrane??

1. Passive Transport (no energy required)

2. Active Transport (requires energy)

3. Vesicle Transport (for large molecules)

What are the two different types of Passive Transport

Simple Diffusion and Facilitated Diffusion

What is Simple Diffusion?

It just passes through selectively permeable membrane. (GHOST)

What is Facilitated Diffusion

The transport protein provides a path for certain molecules to pass through

What is the Passive Transport of water across selectively permeable membrane called?

Osmosis

What are the three different types of Osmotic Solutions

1. Hypertonic

2. Isotonic

3. Hypotonic

What is a Hypertonic solution?

Solution with higher concentration of Solute

What is an Isotonic Solution

Solutions with equal concentration of solute.

What is an Hypotonic Solution?

Solution with lower solute concentration

How is osmosis different in plant cells?

The plant cell wall helps maintain the cell shape

What is a Protein Channel?

The Protein that different types of molecules go through in facilitated diffusion.

When does active transport occur?

When a cell uses energy to move a molecule across the membrane. low to high

How do you transport large molecules?

they are packaged in vesicles

Moving products out is called what moving products in is called what

exocytosis and endocytosis

Where the Nucleus

surrounded by Nuclear membrane

What does the nucleus contain?

DNA

What is in the center of the Nucleus

Nucleoulus

What does the Nucleolus make?

Ribosomes

What is the cytoplasm

where all the other organelles are.

What do Ribosomes do

it is the sight of protein synthesis?

Where are ribosomes located?

Some are on rough er and some are suspended in the cytoplasm

What is ER

a network of membranes that manufactures, modifies and transports cells products

What are the 2 types of ER

Rough ER and Smooth ER

What does Rough ER do?

has ribosomes on the surface and modifies and transports proteins

What does Smooth Er do?

it doesn’t have ribosomes and it makes things like lipids

What is the Golgi Apparatus

Products from ER travel in vesicles to the Golgi Apparatus

It modifies stores and routes proteins to their destinations.

What are Vacuoles

Membrane bound sacs in the cytoplasm that store undigested nutrients and in plants it stores water

What are Lysosomes?

Membrane-bound sacs taht contain digestive enzymes that break down molecules

What are some fncs of Lysosomes?

Digest nutrients and Nourish the cell

Destroy harmful bacteria

Recycle damaged organelles w/o harming the cell

What is the path of cellular products?

Produced at ribosomes on Rough ER then travel to Golgi Apparatus then travel by vesicle to plasma membrane then products are released by exocytosis

What are Cytoskeleton Fibers

Microtubules

Microfilaments

intermediate filaments

What are Microtubules

straight hollow tubes of protein that give shape and rigidity

What are Microfilaments

Thinner solid rods of protein that enable the cell to move or change shape

What are intermediate filaments

rope like filaments taht provide stability

what is the Flagella

long thin whip-like structures composed of microtubules

What are Cilia

short microtubules move fluids over the cell