PTP - Factories

when does sadler introduce a 10 hour bill that failed? what did the bill draw attention to? who was this bill reintroduced by ?

1831, the bill drew attention to the factory conditions and the need for legislation, reintroduced by lord ashley a tory MP

when was the first siccessful factory act? who introduced in? what was the impact?

1833, by lord althorp who was a whig, children under 9 couldnt work in factories, 9-13 only 9 hr day, 13-18 10 hour day, employers had to keep a register of all children employed and check their age

all workers entitled to a 1 ½ hour break per day

what were the successes of the first factory act?

law established the gov right to enforce working conditions

fines reduced the abuses in factories

inspector leonard horner claimed in 1840s that the chief evils had been remedied

what were the limitations of the first factory act?

inspectors complained many local councils didnt apply fines

some workers supported employers who evaded rules

inspectors complained that doctors wrote false age certificates

legislation only applied to cotton mills

when was the mines act? why was this introduced and what did peel declare and when? what does the royal commision say?

1842, lord ashley had failed 3x to pass a new factory bill - shows need for more legislation

peel declared in 1841 that the gov were opposed to a 10 hour day bill

1842 the royal commission declared that conditions in mines were brutal and dangerous which horrified the public so gov pass mines act

what was the impact of the mines act?

all women as well as boys under 10 couldnt work in underground mines

safety regulations

no one under 15 could opperate machinery

mines inspector employed

what were the success of the mines act?

protected women and some children

affected area beyond the cotton mills

had inspectors

what were the limitations of the mines act?

law recieved opposition from the ACLL

saw as an attack on the laissez faire

only applied to mines

when was the second factory act passed - ‘grahams act’? what was the background to this?

1844, graham had tried to introduce a factory bill for compulsary education

there was opposition as it was thought compulsary religion would be imposed

graham proposed bill without educational clauses and it was passed

what were the terms of the second factory bill?

children can only work at 8

until 13 it was only half time

13-18 and women were limited to a 12 hour day

9 hour saturday

night time work for women and children banned

more inspectors

machines were screened off

what were the successes of the second factory act?

law continued mines act in protecting women and children

requirements to shield machinery protected all workers

more inspectors meant more visits and encouraged compliance

what were the limitations of the second factory act?

no legal limit for males

still some who do not comply

when was the 3rd factory act passed? what was the background to this?

1847, leading politician in workplace reform became john frielden as lord ashley resigned to support peel over corn laws

what were the terms of the 3rd factory act?

all women and children under 18 limited to 10 hour day

men not included but it was thought that it would lead to a natural reduction

what were the successes of the 3rd factory act?

shorter work pattern was protected for women and children

many factories shifted to more natural 10 hour day

what were the limitations of the 3rd factory act?

some set up systems of relays and breaks to ensure a 12 hour day which was ruled legal by inspector horner

when was the final factory act introduced? what were the terms of this?

1850, women and children from age 13 had to work between 6-6 or 7-7

children 8-13 had to complete their days within same time frames

10 ½ hour day

what were the successes of the final factory act?

shorterned work pattern

replaced by 1853 factory act

most factories reduced males too

what were the limitations to the final factory act?

legislation was rushed and had many loopholes