Cephalic Structures and Conditions

This set of flashcards covers key terms and concepts related to brain structures, conditions, and cerebrospinal fluid circulation, as referenced in the lecture notes.

Telencephalon

From the prosencephalon; includes cerebral hemispheres (cortex, basal ganglia) and is associated with lateral ventricles.

Diencephalon

From the prosencephalon; includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus, and is associated with the third ventricle.

Mesencephalon

Also known as the midbrain; contains the tectum, tegmentum, and cerebral peduncles.

Cerebral Aqueduct

Also called the aqueduct of Sylvius; connects the third and fourth ventricles.

Myelencephalon

Also known as the medulla oblongata; lower part of the fourth ventricle continues as the central canal.

Aqueductal Stenosis

Condition involving narrowing/blockage of the cerebral aqueduct, leading to enlarged lateral and third ventricles.

Dandy-Walker Malformation

Characterized by cystic dilation of the 4th ventricle; often involving hypoplasia/agenesis of the cerebellar vermis.

Hydrocephalus

Condition defined by enlarged ventricles; could result from aqueductal stenosis or other obstructions.

Foramen of Monro

Connects each lateral ventricle to the third ventricle.

Foramen of Magendie

Median aperture that drains the fourth ventricle to the subarachnoid space.

Foramina of Luschka

Lateral apertures draining the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space.

Circle of Willis

An important arterial circle providing collateral circulation to the brain.

Saccular Aneurysm

Also known as berry aneurysm; a significant risk in the subarachnoid hemorrhage scenario.

Arichnoid Granulations

Projections that assist in the absorption of cerebrospinal fluid into the venous circulation.

Superior Sagittal Sinus

A primary dural venous sinus where venous blood collects from the brain.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Circulation

Flow of CSF through the ventricles and into the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord.