The Age of Reformation

Predestination

Predestination

the idea that God had decided who would be saved (the Elect) from the outset and that neither faith nor charitable works in life could alter this.

indulgences

provided sinners with redemption, even for sins yet to be committed, and raised funds for the Church; a major source of objection for reformers.

Lutherans

The teaching of Luther and the reformers: Grace alone, Faith alone, Scripture alone.

Calvinism

at the beginning of time, God selected a limited number of souls to grant salvation and there's nothing any individual person can do during their mortal life to alter their eternal fate.

Anabaptists

a Protestant movement during the Reformation that rejected infant baptism and advocated for adult baptism based on personal faith

edict of Nantes

granted religious tolerance and equality to the Huguenots (French Protestants) and ended the French Wars of Religion.

What caused the Prostestant reformation?

it arose out of discontent with the late Medieval Church, where the worldliness, simony, and nepotism of the hierarchy seemed out of touch with the basic principles of Christianity.

The catholic reformation

a religious movement that transpired in the 1500s and aimed at reforming the Catholic Church's corruption

The council of Trent

This Council gave rise to the Catholic Reformation by reasserting traditional teaching, such as justification by both faith and charity; confirming long-established practices, such as the veneration of relics; forbidding clerical malpractice, such as selling Indulgences; and reaffirming the Papacy as the center of the Church.

The jesuits

this group was dedicated to serving the Pope, combatting Protestantism through education and spiritual warfare, and the observation of strict spiritual practice

Cocordant of bologna

permitted the Pope to collect all the income that the Catholic Church made in France, while the King of France was confirmed in his right to tithe the clerics and to restrict their right of appeal to Rome.

French Wars of Religion

a series of eight conflicts between Protestant and Catholic factions in France lasting 36 years and concluding with the Protestant King Henry IV of France converting to Catholicism in the interests of peace.

The Thirty Years War

a series of conflicts that began early in the 17th century in the Holy Roman Empire and finally involved much of Europe. It started as a conflict between Protestants and Roman Catholics but soon became a struggle for political power. It ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648

The treaty of Westphalia

granted religious tolerance to Lutherans and Calvinists in the Holy Roman Empire. It recognized Dutch independence, gave to France the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine, and ended the Thirty Years' War.

mannerism

a sixteenth century style of art and design characterised by artificiality, elegance and sensuous distortion of the human figure

baroque

a highly ornate and elaborate style of architecture, art and design that flourished in Europe in the 17th and first half of the 18th century.

simony

buying or selling of something spiritual or closely connected with the spiritual.