Plant Reproduction: Fertilisation, Pollination and Seed-botany test reveiw

Flashcards about plant fertilisation, pollination and seed structure.

What are the characteristics of flowers that undergo animal pollination?

Flowers produce nectar and have a sweet smell; flowers are bright coloured and big, Pollens are less in number and rely on other species for their transfer.

What are the characteristics of flowers that undergo wind pollination?

Flowers do not have nectar or smell; pollens are lightweight and lots of them are present.

What is an advantage of animal pollination?

Less pollens get lost.

What is a disadvantage of animal pollination?

Takes energy to make nectar, colour, smell, relies on another species.

What is an advantage of wind pollination?

Do not have to make nectar, colour, smell.

What is a disadvantage of wind pollination?

Lots of pollens get lost or wasted.

What happens after pollen lands on the stigma?

Pollen grows tube into the ovary, sperm moves down the tube and fuses with the egg cell, the ovary becomes a fruit and ovules convert into seeds inside the ovary.

What is fertilisation?

Fusion of male and female gametes (sex cells).

What are the key characteristics of seeds?

Seeds develop from ovules of a fertilised flower, are contained in a fruit, and can germinate and grow into a new plant.

Name the different parts of a seed.

Hilum, Micropyle, epicotyl, embryo, radicle, seed coat, cotyledons.

What is the function of a seed?

To protect the developing embryonic plant and provide a food source until it can begin photosynthesis; to wait in the soil until the right conditions are met for germination; to disperse away from the parent plant.

What is Pollination?

The transfer of pollen from one plant to another

What is Fertilisation?

Fusion of male and female gametes.

What are the characteristics of flowers that undergo animal pollination?

Flowers produce nectar and have a sweet smell to attract pollinators; their bright colours and large size make them visually appealing to animals. These flowers produce less pollen because they rely on animals for efficient transfer.

What are the characteristics of flowers that undergo wind pollination?

These flowers lack nectar and fragrance, avoiding the energy expenditure. They produce a large amount of lightweight pollen, which is easily carried by the wind.

What is an advantage of animal pollination?

Because animals directly transfer pollen, there is less wastage compared to wind pollination, making it more efficient.

What is a disadvantage of animal pollination?

Producing nectar, bright colours, and scents requires significant energy from the plant. Additionally, the plant is dependent on the presence and activity of specific animal species.

What is an advantage of wind pollination?

Plants do not expend energy on producing nectar, colours, or scents.

What is a disadvantage of wind pollination?

A significant amount of pollen is wasted because wind is an unreliable vector, and much of the pollen does not reach its target.

What happens after pollen lands on the stigma?

The pollen grain germinates and grows a pollen tube that extends towards the ovary. Sperm cells travel down this tube to fuse with the egg cell, leading to fertilisation. The ovary then develops into a fruit, and the ovules inside become seeds.

What is fertilisation?

Fertilisation is the process where the genetic material from the male and female gametes combine to form a zygote, which develops into an embryo.

What are the key characteristics of seeds?

Seeds are the result of successful fertilisation and contain an embryo capable of developing into a new plant. They are protected within a fruit, which aids in their dispersal.

Name the different parts of a seed.

The hilum is the scar left from the seed's attachment to the ovary, the micropyle is a small pore that facilitates water absorption during germination. The epicotyl develops into the shoot, the embryo is the immature plant, the radicle becomes the root, the seed coat protects the seed, and the cotyledons provide nourishment.

What is the function of a seed?

The seed protects the embryo and provides nutrients until it can make its own food through photosynthesis. It remains dormant until conditions are right for germination. Its structure facilitates dispersal away from the parent plant, reducing competition.

What is Pollination?

Pollination is the process by which pollen grains are transferred from the male part of a flower (anther) to the female part (stigma), enabling fertilisation to occur.

What is Fertilisation?

Fertilisation is the process where the genetic material from the male and female gametes fuse, resulting in the formation of a zygote, which develops into an embryo within the seed.