IELTS - Crime & Punishment

Reoffense

Tái phạm

Without adequate rehabilitation, offenders are more likely to reoffend upon release.

I think reoffending happens when prisoners don’t get proper support after leaving jail.

Vocational training

Đào tạo nghề

Providing vocational training in prisons can significantly reduce recidivism.

I believe vocational training is important because it helps people find jobs more easily.

Inmate

Tù nhân

Each inmate should be given a chance for education and self-improvement.

Not all inmates are dangerous; some just made poor decisions.

Likelihood

Khả năng xảy ra

The likelihood of reoffending decreases when support systems are in place.

There's a high likelihood it will rain today, so I brought an umbrella.

Criminal record

Hồ sơ tiền án

A criminal record can hinder one’s ability to reintegrate into society.

It’s difficult to find work if you have a criminal record.

Keep up with

Theo kịp

Governments must keep up with the changing needs of released prisoners.

I try to keep up with the latest news every day.

Prejudice

Định kiến

Social prejudice often prevents ex-convicts from finding employment.

There’s still a lot of prejudice against people with tattoos in my country.

Set free

Thả tự do

Once set free, former inmates need guidance to rebuild their lives.

The movie was about a wrongly accused man who was set free.

Viable solution

Giải pháp khả thi

Investing in education is a viable solution to reduce crime rates.

To solve the traffic problem, public transport is the most viable solution. Remedy

Moral rehabilitation

Cải tạo đạo đức /ˌriːəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃn/

Prisons should focus on moral rehabilitation, not just punishment.

Moral rehabilitation can help offenders return to society more successfully.

Resort

Phương án cuối cùng

the first/last/final resort

Violence should only be used as a last resort in law enforcement.

If I can’t get the job I want, I might resort to freelancing.

Path of crime

Con đường phạm tội

Poverty can lead young people down the path of crime.

Some kids choose the path of crime because they see no other option.

Vicious

Xấu xa, độc ác /ˈvɪʃəs/

Vicious cycles of poverty and crime are hard to break.

The dog looked vicious, but it was actually very friendly.

Cycle of crime

Vòng lặp tội phạm

Breaking the cycle of crime requires a multi-pronged approach.

People often repeat their parents’ mistakes, creating a cycle of crime.

Acclimatize

Thích nghi /əˈklaɪmətaɪz/

Prisoners need programs that help them acclimatize to life outside.

I had to acclimatize to the cold weather when I moved to Canada.

Discriminatory attitudes

Thái độ phân biệt đối xử /dɪˈskrɪmɪnətəri/

Discriminatory attitudes in hiring discourage many ex-convicts.

We need to change discriminatory attitudes in the workplace.

Exacerbate

Làm trầm trọng thêm

Harsh prison conditions may exacerbate aggressive behavior.

Lack of sleep can exacerbate my anxiety.

Inclined to

Có xu hướng

Those without support are more inclined to commit further crimes.

I’m inclined to believe he’s telling the truth.

Intractable

Khó giải quyết

Homelessness is an intractable problem in many major cities.

Some problems, like addiction, seem intractable.

Jeopardize

Gây nguy hiểm

One mistake can jeopardize a prisoner’s chances of parole.

Being late might jeopardize your job.

Deep-ingrained

Ăn sâu, cố hữu /ɪnˈɡreɪnd/

Deep-ingrained biases must be addressed to ensure fairness.

Some traditions are so deep-ingrained that they’re hard to change.

Reformation

Sự cải tạo

The prison system should aim for reformation, not retribution.

He’s gone through a real reformation since his youth.

Tolerance

Sự khoan dung

Social tolerance can ease reintegration for former offenders.

We should teach children about tolerance from a young age.

Escalating rate

Tỷ lệ gia tăng /ˈeskəleɪt reɪt/

The escalating rate of youth crime is alarming.

The escalating rate of inflation is affecting everyone. Recidivism

Long-term sentences

Án tù dài hạn

Long-term sentences may not always lead to better outcomes.

Some criminals receive long-term sentences for serious crimes.

Dearth

Sự thiếu hụt

A dearth of rehabilitation services leads to higher reoffending.

There’s a dearth of good restaurants in my neighborhood.

Bias

Thiên vị

Media bias can shape public opinion on criminal justice.

Bias is hard to avoid, even in scientific research.

tailored product recommendations

gợi ý sản phẩm được cá nhân hoá

Algorithms provide tailored product recommendations based on users’ browsing history.

→ Thuật toán cung cấp gợi ý sản phẩm được cá nhân hoá dựa trên lịch sử truy cập của người dùng.

proper online safety practices

thói quen bảo mật trực tuyến đúng cách

Raising awareness of proper online safety practices is essential to prevent cybercrime.

→ Nâng cao nhận thức về thói quen bảo mật trực tuyến là điều cần thiết để ngăn chặn tội phạm mạng.

two-factor authentication

xác thực hai yếu tố (bảo mật)

Implementing two-factor authentication significantly enhances account security.

→ Áp dụng xác thực hai yếu tố giúp tăng cường đáng kể bảo mật tài khoản.

unsecured websites

các trang web không an toàn

Users should avoid entering personal data on unsecured websites.

→ Người dùng nên tránh nhập dữ liệu cá nhân vào các trang web không an toàn.

financial fraud

gian lận tài chính

Cybercriminals often engage in financial fraud by stealing credit card data.

→ Tội phạm mạng thường thực hiện gian lận tài chính bằng cách đánh cắp dữ liệu thẻ tín dụng.

entail certain security risks

kéo theo một số rủi ro bảo mật nhất định

Online banking entails certain security risks despite its convenience.

→ Ngân hàng trực tuyến kéo theo một số rủi ro bảo mật dù rất tiện lợi.

exposes individuals to the risk

khiến ai đó đối mặt với nguy cơ/

Sharing personal details online exposes individuals to the risk of identity theft.

→ Chia sẻ thông tin cá nhân trên mạng khiến người dùng đối mặt nguy cơ bị đánh cắp danh tính.

implementation of advanced cybersecurity measures

việc áp dụng các biện pháp an ninh mạng tiên tiến

individual autonomy

/ˌɔːtəˈnɒmi/

quyền tự chủ cá nhân

Misguided

Sai lầm, bị định hướng sai.

/ˌmɪsˈɡaɪdɪd/

The narrative is misguided (Cách lý giải này là sai lầm).