Biology - POPULATIONS AND EVOLUTION not sure if this is right

Define species

a group of organisms with similar characteristics that are reproductively separated from other species and can breed together to produce fertile offspring

Define population

a group of organisms of the same species occupying a particular habitat at a particular time that can interbreed

Define gene pool

the set of all the alleles of each of the genes of a particular species within a population

What does the hardy weinberg principle predict?

that allele frequencies will not change from generation to generation without external influence

what does the hardy weinberg equation calculate?

the frequency of alleles, genotypes and phenotypes in a population

what are 3 causes of genetic variation?

mutation

meiosis (independent assortment and crossing over)

random fertilisation of gametes

what 3 factors can prevent an organism from reproducing?

predation, disease, competition for resources

define evolution

the change of gene frequency within a population

what is meant by a selective advantage?

organisms with variations that allow them to survive are more likely to reproduce

what 2 steps can allow a new species to evolve from an existing species?

if 2 populations are reproductively separated differences in their gene pools can accumulate

if these differences make it impossible for the 2 populations to breed and produce fertile offspring then they become 2 species

what is allopatric speciation?

species formation due to separation by geographical barriers

what is genetic drift?

the random change of allele frequency due to only some of each generation reproducing

what are quadrats used for?

sampling and estimating a population of organisms that have low motility or are sessile

in which 2 ways can quadrats be used?

random sampling of an area or as a belt transect

what is the mark release capture technique used for

estimating populations of motile organisms

what is primary succession?

when species start to colonise a bare piece of land this changes the environment so that new species can colonise until there is a climatic climax community

what is a climax community?

the stable community at the end of a period of succession

state 2 examples of where there is a conflict between humans and the environment

using wood as a resource, fishing

what is the purpose of conservation

managing succession to maintain habitats and biodiversity