government test 1

popular sovereignty

people are the source of government power

federalism

in this government system, power is divided between national and state government

seperation of powers

each of the three branches of government has its own responsibilites

checks and balances

each branch of government holds some control over the other two branches

judicial review

courts have power to declare laws and actions of Congress and the president unconstitutional

limited government

the constitution limits the powers of government by making explicit grants of authority

resident alien

an immigrant that has established permanent residence, immigrants are these until they become naturalized citizens

non-resident alien

an immigrant that expects to stay for a short, specific period of time

refugee

an individual fleeing persecution or danger

illegal alien

an immigrant that comes without a legal permit

enemy alien

citizen of a nation with which the U.S. is at war with

naturalization

path to citizenship

the legal process of becoming a citizen

must be 18+, establish residency, go through investigations/hearings, take English/history/government tests

denaturalization

losing citizenship due to fraud/deception during the naturalization process

if you gained citizenship based on a misrepresented fact that you knew was false

14th amendment

equal protection clause

makes state citizenship an automatic result of national citizenship

no state can enforce laws that strip U.S. rights

rational basis test

court will uphold a state law if reasonable

suspect classifications

grouping people and creating laws based on race or national origin

proof of intent to discriminate

responsibilities of us citizens

1. be informed

2. voting

3. respect rights and properties of others

4. respect differing ideas from your own

dual citizenship

the U.S. does NOT recognize this

run-off election

a second primary election between two candidates that got the most votes in the first primary

single-member district

an electoral district that has a single representative rather than 2 or more

proportional representation

a state’s delegates must represent the candidates in proportion to the popular vote each receives in the primary once a certain threshold is reached

open primary

a primary where anyone who is registered to vote in it can vote

can only vote in one primary

closed primary

a primary where only party members can vote

can only vote in one primary